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Unit 2 Exam Review: Physical Science
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What is the ionic charge of element X given: XCl
X: +1
Write the formula for magnesium bromide.
MgBr2
Observe the following: Al3+ Is this a cation OR anion? How many electrons are lost OR gained?
Cation. 3 electrons lost.
Define ionic bonding. Give two examples.
Metal + Nonmetal. NaCl, MgS
Define covalent bonding. Give three examples.
2 nonmetals bonded together. CO2, NH3, HF
Why do isotopes have a different mass?
Isotopes have a different amount of NEUTRONS.
Does K+ lose or gain an electron?
loses an electron
Draw the valence electrons around Cl (chlorine).
7 around Cl
How many valence electrons does F (fluorine) have?
7
Define Valence Electrons.
Valence electrons are the outer-shell electrons of an atom. Valence electrons determine the reactivity of an atom.
Define Isotopes.
have the same atomic number (# of protons), but different mass numbers because different NEUTRONS.
Give THREE examples of ions.
Na+, Cl-, K+
What is the element with the lowest electronegativity: Pb C Sn Si
Pb
What is the element with the lowest ionization energy: Au W S Fr Ne
Fr
What is the element with the smallest atomic radius: Au W S Fr Ne
Fr
Which has a larger atomic radius? Rb or Na Why?
Rb. Increased atomic radii.
Which element is more electronegative: P or K? Why?
P. Increasing electronegativity.
Arrange the following in order of increasing electronegativity: W, Pb, Ba, Po
Ba, W, Pb, Po
What is the trend for Ionization Energy?
Trend: Increases as we go up a group. Increases from left to right across the periodic table.
Define Ionization Energy
the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
What is the trend of Atomic Radius?
Trend: Decreases from left to right across a period. Increases from top to bottom within a group.
Define Atomic Radius
the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together.
Rank the following elements by increasing electronegativity: sulfur, oxygen, and aluminum.
aluminum, sulfur, oxygen
Rank the following elements by increasing atomic radius: carbon, aluminum, oxygen, and potassium
oxygen, carbon, aluminum, potassium
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