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Bio Q4 test, DNA to Proteins, Human Reproductive ...
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What process happens outside the nucleus?
translation
What processes occur in the nucleus?
mRNA processing and transcription
What is a codon for the comand start?
AUG
What are the codons for the protein, Lys
AAA, AAG
UAA codes for which protein?
no protein, stop
UCA codes for which protein?
Ser
GCA codes for which protein?
Ala
What is the mRNA sequence for a this template strand of DNA: TACG
AUGC
What is removed from mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?
introns
tRNA
contains 3 base pairs (anti-codon), one amino acid
What is mRNA?
strands of RNA complementary to DNA
What is rRNA
two subunits of a ribosome
What is semen?
Semen contains fluids, sperm and nurishment
Why is the placenta important to a pregnacy?
The placenta allows oxygen, nutrients, drugs and alcohol to be transported to the fetus and removes the waste from the fetus to the mother
What test is used to test a fetus's DNA?
amniocentesis
Where does fertilization take place?
in the oviduct, near the ovary
What part of the male reproductive system maintains sperm temperature?
scrotum
What is a blastocysts?
a hollow ball of cells that develops after the morula
an ovum is ...
a mature egg released by the ovary
What is found at the lower end of the uterus
cervix
What is the tube that connects the ovary to the uterus
oviduct
What are the female reproductive glands?
ovaries
Where does the baby develop?
uterus
Where is the anit-codon found?
on tRNA
Explain why a pregant woman should not consume drugs or alcohol during pregnancy.
Drugs and alcohol will pass through the placenta/umbilical cord to the fetus. It is very harmful to the fetus.
What process triggers the production of testosterone in the testes?
hypothalamus produces GnRH stimulating the pitutary gland to produce FSH & LH which is release in the blood to the testes.
Which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
Luteal phase
Which phase of the menstrual cycle does the oocyte mature into an ovum?
Follicular phase
Which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium tear away and blood vessels are ruptured?
Flow phase
Which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium repair itself and stops bleeding?
Flow phase
Which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum break down?
Luteal phase
If progesterone and estrogen are low, then FSH and LH are
high
If progesterone and estrogen are high, then FSH and LH are
low
Whys is the corpus luteum important for pregnancy?
It produces progesterone, which keeps the endometrium from shedding.
A morula is -----
a solid ball of embryonic cells that forms before the blastocyst
Where does mRNA travel from/to?
It travels from the cell's nucleus to the cytopasm.
Where is mRNA formed?
in the nucleus
What happens in the process of RNA processing? (mature/pre-mRNA)
a cap is added; introns removed; poly-A tail is added.
What is puberty?
growth period during which sexual maturity is reached, by producing offspring
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA codes for RNA; RNA is responsible for synthesis of proteins
Why are the codons important?
When rRNA 'reads" the mRNA, the codon codes for a specific amino acid
What are codons?
a set of 3 base pairs on mRNA
The basic building blocks of DNA or RNA are ----
nucleotides
In men, urine and semen are carried outside the body through the urethra. T or F
True
How does estrogen affect girls?
widen hips, breast formation, egg production in ovaries; menstrual cycle
How does testosterone affect boys?
deepens their voice, broad shoulders, increased muscle mass, body hair; sperm production in testes
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