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T/F Individuals among a population that are better adapted to their environment leave more offspring
True
T/F Genetic variation is a factor of natural selection
True
T/F: Competition is a factor of natural selection
True
What are traits that have become common in a population because it favored natural selection
Adaptation
Homologous structures that are shared among two or more organisms suggest that the organisms share a ?
common ancestor
Are all mutations a negative thing? Explain.
Not all mutations are negative, some mutations can be neutral (like blue eyes), or positive (like HIV resistance) However, negative mutations do exist.
A nucleotide is swapped for a different one, what kind of mutation is this?
Substitution
A nucleotide is deleted from a sequence, is what kind of mutation?
Frameshift Deletion
Why does DNA rely on RNA? Why can't DNA deliver the instructions to the ribosomes directly?
DNA cannot leave the nucleus
What type of RNA: helps transfer correct amino acids to make a protein
tRNA
What type of RNA: carries a copy of DNA's code outside the nucleus?
mRNA
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
A --> T & C --> G
What shape is DNA?
Double-helix
What is a monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
DNA is found where in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is the source of energy for cellular respiration?
Sugar
What happens to energy during photosynthesis?
The energy is stored as sugar in plants
What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?
Light Energy
What is the pigment found in chloroplast that is primarily responsible for light absorption?
Chlorophyll
Where in a plant cell is light absorbed and sugar is produced?
Chloroplast
T/F: Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
True
What is fermentation?
A type of cellular respiration that creates ATP in the absence of oxygen
What happens to ATP in order to release energy?
The outer phosphate bond is broken
What is the energy storing molecule?
ATP
Why does cancer occur?
mutation in a cell's DNA uncontrolled cell growth
Mitosis is the division of what kind of cells?
Somatic (body) cells, they are diploid
Meiosis is the division of what kind of cells?
Gametes (egg and sperm) they are haploid
That phase does the cytoplasm divide, resulting in two new cells?
Cytokinesis
What phase does the chromosomes disperse into chromatin, and the nuclear envelope reforms?
Telophase
What phase do the chromosomes begin to move apart, to opposite poles of cell.
Anaphase
What phase are the chromosomes lined up at the cell's equator?
Metaphase
What phase are the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope begins to break down?
Prophase
What phase is the cell undergoing routine functions, growing and preparing for divison?
Interphase
List the steps of Mitosis
PMAT
How to viruses reproduce?
With a host either the lysogenic or lytic cycle
What eukaryotic cell has a cell wall?
Plant Cell
What is smaller? Virus, bacteria, plant cells
A virus
Amino acids are the building blocks of ?
Proteins
The clown fish is one individual organism. However, it lives in a coral reef with many other clown fish. These clown fish make up a ?
Population
What is the smallest living unit?
Cells
What kind of cells do not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic Cells (bacteria)
T/F Viruses are living?
False
What kind of cells have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic Cells (animal & plant)
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