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It is important to study the ecology of watersheds so that we can learn and understand the _____ characteristics that influence how natural processes and human actions impact the health of watersheds.
structural and functional
The best way to protect our water resources is to _____ water resources on a watershed basis.
study, understand, manage
_____ ecosystems, including watershed ecosystems, are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions involving exchanges of matter and energy.
All
The plants and soils of a watershed filter runoff that occurs from precipitation and snowmelt. In doing this, watersheds provide _____.
clean water
Natural processes, human activities, and biotic and abiotic factors influence the health of a _____ system.
watershed
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary that has _____ functions.
many important
The largest estuary in the United States is the _______ Bay.
Chesapeake
Human trash and sediment made by humans from _____ are often carried into estuaries.
upriver
Estuaries can provide trade, food and ____ from violent open ocean storms.
shelter
Oysters, clams and crabs thrive in estuaries called _____ and inlets.
bays
A(n) ____ is a partially enclosed body of water where freshwater meets salty ocean water.
estuary
Wetlands form the _____ between dry land and bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or bays.
transition zone
The watershed systems in Virginia lead to _____ main bodies of water.
3
Areas of higher elevations, such as _____, separate watersheds.
ridgelines or divides
Watershed health is often measured using stations along creeks, rivers and streams.
Water-quality monitoring
An ecosystem is made up of the __________ (living) community and the __________ (nonliving) factors that affect it.
biotic, abiotic
True or False: A single source of pollution, even if it is not near a body of water, can pollute an entire watershed?
True
A ________________________ is the land that water flows across or under on its way to a body of water such as a stream, river, lake, or bay
Watershed
______________________ is particles of rock, mud, soil, and sand picked up by water from the land
Sediment
_________________ is water (rain, melted snow, hail, irrigation, car washing, etc) that flows over land before reaching streams or other surface water
Run-off
______________________ is pollution that can be traced to a single source
Point source
______________________ is pollution that cannot be traced to a single source
Non-point source pollution
_______________ is the process in which the earth’s surface (rock and soil) is worn away by water, ice, and wind
Erosion
Of all the water on the planet, only _________ is fresh, useable water.
1%
3% of the water on our planet is useable. Of that 2% of that is ______________.
Ice or glaciers
About 97% of our water is ___________________ water.
Salt and unusable
True or false: The water cycle shows that water moves through all of earth's spheres (hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere)
True


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