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ES Atmospheric Basics
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What process/effect allows for temperatures to be at for life to be on Earth?
Greenhouse Effect
What effect increases Earth's temperature by at leasst 30 degrees celcius?
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases trap radiation and heat from
being radiated back into space
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
the natural heating of Earth's surface caused by atmospheric gases
Earth's atmosphere influences Earth's ....
temp, weather, and climate
Changes in density cause air masses in the atmosphere to .....
rise and falll forming a convection current
Through out most of the atmosphere, how is heat transferred?
convection
Give an example of conduction in the atmosphere
in the troposphere has the most mass, direct contact between Earth's surface and the atmosphere
What is the difference between the processes of conduction and convection
Conduction through contact, convection differences of density (rise/fall)
What affects the rates of absorption?
 
all of these
 
amount of solar radiation
 
amount of water
 
different colors absorby different amounts
50% solar radiation is ....
absorbed directly or indirectly by Earth's surface
20% solar radiation is ......
absorbed by atmosphere and clouds
30% of solar radiation is ......
reflected into space by Earth's surface, atmosphere, or clouds
Atmospheric particles that absorb infrared waves will emit ____
infrared waves at a different wave length
Earth's surface absorbs visible light and emit
infrared waves
What parts of the electromagnetic spectrum pass throught the atmosphere?
visible light, infrared
Solar radiaiont is _____ and ____ by the atmosphere and Earth's Surface
absorbed, reflected
How is energy transfered from the sun to the atmosphere?
radiation, solar radiation
What is heat?
heat is the transfer of thermal energy froma region of higher temperarture to an region of lower temperature
What is thermal energy?
the total energy of particles in an object due to their random motion
What type of energy do moving particles have?
kinetic
What is the random movement of particles in the atmosphere called?
random motion
What three ways can energy transfer?
radiation, conduction, convection
Which atomspheric layer can atoms/molecules escape?
Exosphere
Which atmospheric layer has very few molecules/atoms as the altitude increases?
Exosphere
What it is the outer most atmospheric layer?
exosphere
What is the outermost atmospheric layer?
Which atmospheric layer has electrically charged particles?
the ionospehre in the thermosphere
Why is the thermosphere the hottest layer?
it absorbs most of the high-energy radiation from the sun (ie.. x-rays)
Which atmospheric layer is the hottest?
Thermosphere
Which atmospheric layer has the ionosphere?
Thermosphere
What is the point called, at the top of the mesosphere where temperatures decrease with altitude?
mesopause
Which atmospheric layer temperature decreases with altitudue?
mesosphere
In the stratosphere, where does the temperature stop increasing with altitude?
stratopause
Which atmospheric layer temperature increases with altittude?
Stratosphere
What causes the ozone layer to increase in temperatures?
Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun
What atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
Stratosphere
What atmospheric layer is above the troposphere?
Stratosphere
Which atmospheric layer contains the most mass?
Troposphere
In the Troposphere, at which point does the temperature stop increasing?
Tropopause
Which atmospheric layer air temperature decreases as the altitude increases
Troposphere
Which atmospheric layer has living things?
Troposphere
Which atmospheric layer has weather?
Troposphere
Which atmospheric layer is the clostest to Earth's surface?
Troposphere
What makes the atmospheric layers different?
each layer has a different composition and temperature profile
How many layers is the atmosphere divided into?
5
How do airborne microorganisms get into the air?
fungi/bacteria are attached to dust particles
How does dust get into air?
dust particles are picked up by the wind
How does salt get into the air?
from ocean sprays
What chemical destroys ozone?
chlorofluorocarbibs, CFCs
What is ozone made up of?
3 oxygen molecules, O3
What is the atmosphere?
the gases that suround the Earth that extends from the surface to space.
Besides carbon dioxide, what other gases are released by burning fossil fuels?
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Why are fossil fuels burned?
heat buildings, produce electricity, power vehicles,
Why has carbon dioxide gas increased over the last decades?
Buring fossil fuels
What affects the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere?
seasons, altitude, surface beneath the air
Why is water vapor and carbon dioxide important?
The gases regulate the amount of enegty the atmosphere absorbs and emits, Green House Effect
Which gases of the atmosphere can change?
water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide
What are the permant atmospheric gases?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, water vapor, trace gases
Air is made up of ....
gases, particles, dust, water droplets, ice crystals
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