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UKA grade 9 science
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Name 2 ways scientists are trying to prevent extinction
Conservation, Captive Breeding, Seed Banks and Cloning
What animal did Charles Darwin study on The Galapagos Islands that started his theory on evolution?
Finches (later snails in Hawaii)
What was the name of the book Charles Darwin published in 1859?
On the Origin of Species
Name 2 of the 4 DNA bases
A (Adenine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine)
How many DNA bases ar there?
4
When cells reproduce and DNA are damaged and broken...what are these damaged and broken DNA called?
Mutation
Types of bacteria that penicillin no longer kills are know as what?
Antibiotic resistant or superbugs
Who discovered the first antibiotic?
Alexander Fleming
In ideal conditions how quickly can bacteria reproduce?
20 minutes
Name 3 side effects of immunisation
Answers vary eg. temperature, sickness, swollen glands, small lump at injection site, headaches
Do white or red blood cells make antibodies?
White
What is a pathogen?
Harmful microorganism
Who invented the first Vaccine
Edward Jenner
Give 2 examples of the use of enzymes
Making baby food, Removing stains, Extracting juice from fruit
What is the process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria called?
Pasteurisation
What are the milk solids called in cheese making and what is the liquid called?
Curd and Whey
Name 2 products made by fermentation
Answers vary eg. bread, wine, beer
What is the word equation for fermentation?
Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide
What are 2 advantages of cloning plants?
produced quickly, it is cheap, all identical and share desired characteristics
Give 2 examples of plants that reproduce asexually
Answers vary eg. potatoes, strawberries, Spider plants, succulents
What was the name of the first cloned sheep?
Dolly
Name 2 examples of genetic engineering
Answers vary eg. Bacteria for insulin, frost resistent Tomatoes, Glowing fish
Does selective breeding increase or decrease variation within a species?
Decrease
How many recessive alleles do you need for the characteristic to be expressed?
Two
Different forms of the same gene are called?
Alleles
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