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Topography is a factor of soil formation, what is the difference between the North side and South side of mountain?
South- more sun, more vegetation, less erosion; North-less sun, less vegetation, more eroision
Which process is gravity a factor?
erosion, eventually every sediment is pulled downward (down a mountain, pulled down in water, etc...)
What is a soil horizon?
a distinct layer within a soil profile
What is a soil profile?
a vertial sequence of soil layers
Soil forms over .......
thousands of years.
What processes form soil?
chemical and mechanical weathering
What is soil?
the loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter, humus, overlying bedrock of Earth's surface
What is soil fertility?
the measure of how well a soil can support the growth of plants
What is deposition?
the process of particles/sediments being dropped in another location
What is erosion?
The removal of weathered rock and soil from its original location
When soil forms in a specific area from the bedrock it is ____ soil.
residual
Which soil horizon is made up of bed rock?
R
What is hard pan (in a soil profile)?
a hard layer of accumulated minerals
Between which soil horizons does hardpand form?
between soil horizons B & C
Which soil horizon has weathered rock and dark brown to black organic matter?
A
Which soil horizon is called "zone of accumulation" or has red/brown coloring?
B
Which soil horizon is made up of the top layer, humus, and leaf litter
O
What are the classification of soil textures (smallest to largest)?
clay, silt, sand
What is soil texture?
the classification of particles of soil
Which types of erosoin can move against gravity?
 
wind erosion
 
wave action
 
glacial erosion
 
Living things
Which type of erosion moves over the longest distance?
 
glacial erosion
 
wind erosion
 
living things
 
wave action
Which type of erosion involves constant water movement to create continous erosion?
 
waves
 
rivers and streams
 
glacial erosion
 
wind erosion
Carbon dioxide mixes with water to form ......
carbonic acid
What 2 factors affect the rate of erosion?
temperature and precipitation
In which type of area is wind a large erosional agent?
desert
What is a wind barrier?
A farming method, trees or other vegetation are planted perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
What are the factors of soil formation?
climate, topography, parent material, biological activity, time,
Describe how a delta forms
Once a river enters the ocean, the current slows down; a buildup of sediments from deltas
Describe how rivers deposit large amounts of sediments in regions where they enter an ocean?
Once a river enters the ocean, the current slows down,
What is oxidation?
The chemical reation of oxygen with other substances.
What is exfoliation?
The process by which outer layers of rock can be stripped away
Define mechanical weathering
a type of weathering in which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces. Only a change in size or shape
Describe the process of frost wedging. What type of weathering is it?
Water expands and freezes causing mechanical weathering of rocks
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