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Apologia Marine Biology module 4
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What is the difference between a filter feeder and a suspension feeder?
Filter Feeding they are actively pumping water through their gills. Suspension feeding they are letting water flow through, and they are not actively pumping
What is an osculum?
The opening of a sponge where the water exits from.
What phylum are tapeworms in? What is unique about them?
Phylum Platyhelminthes, cestoda. They live in the digestive tract of vertebrates. they have not gut or mouth, they absorb nutrients through their skin
What phylum has segmented worms?
Annelida. this phylum has segmented body parts, a true gut in a coelom, and a closed circulatory system
Give an example of a Cnidarian hydrozoa,
Portuguese man-o-war
What is an example of a Cnidarian Anthozoa.
coral polyps
Give an example of a Scyphozoa.
Jellyfish
What characteristics are common to all cnidarians?
1. radial symmetry 2. tentacles with stinging nematocysts 3. gastrovascular cavity
Which phylums have a true gut and which ones do not?
Do: nemetera (ribbon woms), Nematoda, Polychaeta, annelida Don't: cndarians, Ctemophora, platyhelminthes
How do nematocysts function?
It is a capsule that contains a coiled thread that can be shot outwards to catch prey or repel predators.
What kind of symmetry do each of these phylums have? Porafora, Cnidaian, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes,
Poraphora(sponge): no symmetry, Cnidarian(sea anemone, coral):radial, Ctneophora (Comb Jellies): bilateral, platyhelminthes(flat worms):bilateral
What kind of symmetry does a coral have?
radial
What is the mesoglea?
The jelly like substance between the inner and outer layers of cells in the Cnidarian
The remora attaches to the shark and eats scraps of food the shark drops, but doesn't harm the shark.What kind of symbiosis do the shark and remora demonstrate?
commensalism
What kind of symbiosis do these two organisms demonstrate?
Mutualism
What kind of symmetry does this have?
radial
What kind of symmetry does this have?
Radial (pentamerous)
What kind of symmetry does this have?
Bilateral
Name the directions on the image?
A) Dorsal, B) Ventral, C) Anterior D) Posterior
What is the difference between these two organisms?
A is a lampshell, a brachiopod. It has a dorsal and ventral shell, and ciliated tentacles. B is a clam,a bivalve which has a right and left side,a filter feeder
What type of symmetry is an indication of complexity of an organism?
Organisms with bilateral symmetry have a more complex nervous system(including a brain)
Give an example of a parasite talked about in this module?
Fluke or tapeworm - (platyhelminths) roundworms - nematodes
There are 3 classes of Cnidarians - Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa. Give an example of each.
Hydrozoa - hydra or Portuguese man of war, Scyphozoa - jellyfish, Anthozoa - coral, sea anemone, sea pens, sea fans, sea plumes
How is a coral reef made?
The base is made of the remains of previous generations. Only the outside has living organisms
Sexual reproduction in Cnidarians produce a planula. What is a planula? How does it benefit the organism?
A free swimming larval stage the allows that allows the organism to populate vast regions of the oceans
What cells are found in the mesoglea of a Cnidarian? and what do they do?
Amoebocytes, they produce the skeletal structure, perform digestion and repair cell damage.
What is the difference between a polyp and a medusa?
a polyp-an attached Cnidarian stage appearing sac like or barrel like. Medusa- a free swimming Cnidarian stage, appearing bell like or umbrella like
Nematoda are the cause of people who eat raw fish, getting sick. How does this happen? What are they?
round worms, Their larvae usually live in host fishes and grow to adults in the intestine of vertebrates after the vertebrate that eat the fish
What is the crown of ciliated tentacles used for feeding called?
Lophophorate
How do tapeworms get their nutrients?
They absorb nutrients through their skin from the digestive tract of the host. They have no gut or mouth, and rely on the host to digest the food for them
What is a parasite and name 2.
An organism that live in or on another organism (host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense. Tapeworms, fluke, roundworms
What produces gametes in a sponge?
either the amoebocytes or the collar cells
Do sponges demonstrate metamorphosis?
Yes during sexual reproduction, when they change from the parenchymal larva which is planktonic into a mature sponge which is attached to a substrate.
Do sponges have specialized cells or specialized tissue?
specialized cells, (Cnidarians have specialized tissue)
When does a sponge produce a gemule? Why?
When the environment is harsh(water too hot, or too cold or pollution) , and the sponges may die
How do sponges reproduce asexually?
1. budding or having a piece broken off, or 2. gemmule.(a group of cells surrounded by a protective coat of spicules)
Do the sponges we use in our bath use spicules or spongin for support? why?
spongin because spicules are stiff and sharp, and would scratch things
What kind of support do small sponges, larger sponges and very large sponges use for support?
small use spongin, larger use a network of spicules and the very large us both
What are gills?
Extensions of the body containing thin-walled blood vessels that allow for the absorption of oxygen from the outside surface
What is an osculum?
A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled
Is this the dorsal or ventral side of this fish?
ventral
What is metamorphosis?
complete morphological change from larva to adult
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