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Type of bond that attracts H and O between different water molecules.
hydrogen
Type of bond that attracts H and O within a single water molecule.
polar covalent
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
protein
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
protein
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
carbohydrate
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
carbohydrate
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
nucleic acid
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
lipid
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
protein
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
nucleic acid
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
lipid
Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
carbohydrate
If a molecule has a lot of O-H bonds, it is likely hydro-_____.
philic
If a molecule has a lot of C-H bonds, it is likely hydro-_____.
phobic
Hormones can be within two classes of molecules: ____ and ____.
steroids (lipids) & proteins
This type of lipid is the main component of cell membranes.
phospholipid
Polymer of glucose found in plant cells; forms cell wall.
cellulose
Polymer of glucose found in plant cells; stores energy.
starch
Polymer of glucose found in animal liver and muscle cells; stores energy.
glycogen
Level of protein structure that involves multiple subunits interacting.
quaternary
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
tails (fatty acids)
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
head (phosphate)
The complementary strands of DNA are held together by ___ bonds.
hydrogen
The sugar phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA is held together by ___ bonds.
covalent
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between G and C nucleotides?
3
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between A and T nucleotides?
2
This base pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA.
guanine (G)
This base pairs with thymine (T) in DNA.
adenine (A)
Sugar found in RNA.
ribose
Direction in which nucleic acids are synthesized (___ to ___).
5 to 3
Direction in which polypeptides are synthesized (___ to ___).
N to C
"Repels water"
hydrophobic
"Attracted to water"
hydrophilic
Evaporative cooling works due to this property of water.
high heat of vaporization
Oceans maintain stable temperature due to this property of water.
high heat capacity / high specific heat
Word that describes water molecules making hydrogen bond with molecules of a different type.
adhesion
Word that describes water molecules making hydrogen bond with other water molecules.
cohesion
This type of fatty acid is likely liquid at room temperature because the fatty acid tails pack together loosely.
unsaturated
This type of fatty acid is likely solid at room temperature because the fatty acid tails pack together tightly.
saturated
A type of fatty acid that has double C-C bonds.
unsaturated
A type of fatty acid that has single C-C bonds.
saturated
Nonpolar amino acids interact together by _____.
hydrophobic interactions / van der Waals
Positively charged amino acids form _____ bonds with negatively charged amino acids.
ionic
Polar amino acids form _____ bonds with other polar amino acids.
hydrogen
Which level of protein structure is the three-dimensional shape?
tertiary
Which level of protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the C=O and N-H groups of the backbone?
secondary
Which level of protein structure is a linear chain / sequence of amino acids?
primary
Which part of an amino acid determines its chemical properties?
R group/side chain
A phospholipid is made of one ____, one ____, and two ____.
glycerol; phosphate; fatty acids
A fat is made of one ____ and three _____.
glycerol; fatty acids
This class of macromolecules contains polymers that can be branched or linear.
carbohydrates
This class of macromolecules has many functions: speed up reactions, structure, transport, movement, etc.
proteins
This class of macromolecules has 3 subclasses: fats, phospholipids, steroids
lipids
Specific name of covalent bond formed during protein synthesis.
peptide
Tendency of an atom to attract a bonded pair of electrons.
electronegativity
Type of reaction that builds polymers.
dehydration synthesis (condensation)
Type of reaction that digests macromolecules down to their monomers.
hydrolysis
Type of bond that forms, connecting monomers in a polymer.
covalent
Name of monomer used to make carbohydrates.
monosaccharide
Name of monomer used to make proteins.
amino acid
Name of monomer used to make nucleic acids.
nucleotide
Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O in no ratio; is hydrophobic
lipids
Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O, N, P
nucleic acids
Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O, N, S
proteins
Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio.
carbohydrates
Names of the three pyrimidines found in nucleic acids.
cytosine, thymine, uracil
Names of the two purines found in nucleic acids.
adenine, guanine
When two complementary strands of DNA are bonded together, but one is 5'----3' and the other is 3'-----5'
antiparallel
Two specific structures found in the secondary structure of proteins.
alpha helix; beta sheet
The end of a polypeptide to which a new monomer is added.
C (carboxyl)
The end of a nucleotide to which a new monomer is added.
3'
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