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Why do many geologists study layers of strata?
 
They want to learn more about the history of the Earth.
 
They are interested in determining how dinosaurs went extinc
 
They hope to discover Greek-era ruins.
 
They are interested in the exploitation of fossil fuels.
The statement Rock A is seventeen years old is an example of _____.
 
numerical dating
 
strata dating
 
relative dating
 
radiometric dating
If Sedimentary Layer A occurs above Sedimentary Layer C and Sedimentary Layer B is below Sedimentary Layer C, which of the following is the correct order of the layers (from oldest to youngest)?
 
B, C, A
 
C, B, A
 
A, B, C
 
C, A, B
Which of the following would NOT be a good trait for an index fossil?
 
It is found in only one place in the world.
 
It is found in only a small portion of geologic history.
 
It is difficult to miss when looking for fossils.
 
It is easy to tell which species it is.
Rapid burial protects a deceased body from all of the following EXCEPT:
 
mud
 
trampling
 
weathering
 
temperature fluctuations
The best conditions for preservation of soft tissues are _____ temperatures and _____ air.
 
cold; dry
 
cold; humid
 
warm; humid
 
warm; dry
A scientist would not be able to use radiocarbon dating to find the age of which of the following samples?
 
Stone from a 1,000-year-old settlement
 
Tissue from a human body found in 16th-century burial
 
Cloth from an ancient garment found in 500-year-old burial
 
Wood from a 2,000-year-old settlement
Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by releasing radiation?
 
Radioactive decay
 
Radiocentric decay
 
Radioactive stabilization
 
Radioactive explosion
The Mesozoic Era was the Age of Dinosaurs, and the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of _____.
 
Mammals
 
Ice
 
Birds
 
Humans
The statement Rock A is fifty years older than Rock B is an example of _____.
 
relative dating
 
numerical dating
 
fossil dating
 
radiometric dating
Rock Strata A contains Fossil X. It is below Rock Strata C which contains Fossil Z. Rock Strata B contains Fossil Y. It is above Rock Strata C. Which of the following is the correct order of the fossils (from oldest to youngest)?
 
X, Z, Y
 
X, Y, Z
 
Z, X, Y
 
Y, X, Z
Any fault lines or igneous intrusions that cut across a set of rock strata must be _____ that set of rock.
 
younger than
 
creating an inclusion in
 
the same age as
 
older than
An interface between discontinuous layers of rock is called _____.
 
an unconformity
 
a cross-cut
 
an inclusion
 
an intrusion
If Fossil A is found in a lower rock layer, and Fossil B is found in an upper rock layer, then Species A most likely _____.
 
existed less recently than Species B
 
evolved from Species B
 
existed more recently than Species B
 
existed for a relatively short period of time
Which of the following is the term used for the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by releasing radiation?
 
Radioactive decay
 
Radioactive detection
 
Radioactive neutralization
 
Gamma ray reduction
A large nucleus may get to a more stable state by emitting two protons and two neutrons. This describes which type of radioactive decay?
 
Alpha Decay
 
Gamma Decay
 
Delta Decay
 
Beta Decay
Today, geologists believe mostly in _____, with a little bit of _____.
 
uniformitarianism; catastrophism
 
catastrophism; uniformitarianism
 
catastrophism; evolution
 
evolution; catastrophism
The change from catastrophism to uniformitarianism made scientists decide that Earth must be _____ than previously thought.
 
older
 
younger
 
less populated
 
more populated
What characteristics are observed via correlation, which is a relative dating process used in determining the age of rock layers?
 
Observing similarities types fossils at different locations
 
Observing similar vegetation patterns
 
Observing similarities in weather patterns
 
None of these answers are correct.
A particular radioactive isotope has a half-life of 200 years. At what time will there be 25% of the isotope left?
 
400 years
 
1,400 years
 
800 years
 
600 years
Not all parts of a creature are likely to be fossilized. Paleontologists typically find fossils made from a creature's _____.
 
All answers choices are correct
 
Teeth
 
Shells
 
Bones
Which geological principle only applies to sedimentary rock layers?
 
Original horizontality
 
Succession
 
Superposition
 
cutting
A geologist who asserts that evolution patterns in the Earth occur following a consistent pattern over long periods of time belongs to what family of theorists?
 
Uniformitarian
 
Progressive
 
Catastrophism
 
Utilitarian
What relatively recent epoch ended roughly 12,000 years ago?
 
The Pleistocene Epoch
 
The Pliocene Epoch
 
The Miocene Epoch
 
The Holocene Epoch


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