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chapter 2 principles of ecology
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Phosphorus is usually present in the form of _________ in soil and water.
phosphates
When soil bacteria convert nitrogen compounds to nitrogen gas and back into the air, this process is called ________.
denitrification
_________ is the process that happens when bacteria convert the nitrogen from air into more usable forms.
Nitrogen fixation
The symbiotic relationship occurs in lichens is _________.
Mutualism
In the pyramid of energy, less energy is available in the second level because _____.
energy from the first level was given off as heat
The amount of energy at each level of the energy pyramid is about ________% of what it was on the level before.
10
Which of the following describes energy and matter in ecosystems?
B
Which of the following would most decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?(A. a growing maple tree B. a running dog C. a person driving a car D. a burning forest)
A
In the food web shown, which of the organisms are herbivores?
rabbit, mouse, grasshopper
____________ is the role or position a species has in its environment
Niche
__________ are organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own nutrients.
Autotrophs
A(n)___________ is made up of interactions among the populations in a community and the community’s abiotic factors.
ecosystem
_____ is a simple model used to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem.
Food chain
Any close and long-lasting association among organisms of different species is called __________.
symbiosis
Where is the biosphere in the figure? What is that layer called?
A - the earth's crust
The group of animals in the figure is an example of which level of ecological organization?
population
What type of cycle is shown in the figure?
Phosphorus cycle
In the energy pyramid, which level has the smallest number of organisms?
shark 
The organisms growing on the tree bark are ________. (producers, autotrophs, detritivores, decomposers, carnivores)
decomposers
The organism shown is involved in which type of symbiosis?
parasitism
Which organism shown in the pyramid receives the highest percentage of energy from the Sun?
Buffalo grass (producer)
Referring to the figure, suppose 10 000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the owl?
9990 units
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