Bio End of Year Review | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Describe the process of transcription.

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Describe the process of transcription.

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Describe how mRNA is formed.

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Describe the DNA structure

complementary pairs C-G, T-A; double stranded; deoxyribose and phosphate

What is a genotype?

an organism's allele pairs

What is a phenotype?

observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair

Using the Punnett square, how would the offspring be described?

heterozygous, dominant

Using the Punnett square, Are both parents homozygous?

yes. 1 is dominant, 1 is recessive.

Using the Punnett square, How many offspring will have the recessive allele?

all 4

Using the Punnett square, How many offspring will have the dominat allele?

all 4

Where is the anticodon found?

tRNA

Why is genetic variation important?

Beneficial traits can be passed through a species faster

In which type of cell does genetic variation occure?

haploids, sex cells, gametes

Define autosomes

all the chromosomes of an organism, except for the sex chromosomes

Define rRNA

Contained in two subunits that make up a ribosome

Define mRNA

Long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA

Define tRNA

Contains three base pairs at one end that complement another RNA structure

Define cellular differentiation

The process by which unspecialized cells develop into a specialized cell with a defined structure and function.

Define gamets

A cell with n number of chromosomes

Define fertilization

Process where one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete

Transcription and translation are needed for what?

protein synthesis

What is the Dogma of Biology?

DNA is used to form RNA that can synthesis a specific protein.

What makes a codon?

3 bases

How does mRNA that leaves the nucleus different from the mRNA in the nucleus?

It has gone through RNA processing - introns removed (only exons remain), poly-A tail, a cap is added

In meiosis, when does genetic variaion take place? what is it called?

cross over happens in Prophase 1

Compare/Contrast RNA to DNA

Ribose, Uracil bas instead of T, single strand; deoxyriobose, A-T, C-G pairing, Double stand

DNA replication, Compare/Contrast the leadinding strand to the lagging strand

leading 3' to 5'; lagging 3' to 5', continuous; discontinous Okazaki fragments, shorter; longer, connected by DNAmpolymerase; connected by DNA ligase

DNA replication, what happens for the base pairing?

DNA polymerase catalyses the addition of the new nucleotides added to 3'

In DNA replication,after the first step? What happens next for the lagging strand?

RNA primase adds RNA primer

In DNA replication, what is the first step?

unwinding or unzipping by DNA helicase

What is the nitrogen base found only in RNA?

uracil instead of Thymine

What would be the complimenary strand of DNA to 5' AAGTTG 3'

5' TTCAAC 3'

What is nondisjunction?

sister chromatids do not seperate during meiosis

When describing strands of DNA or mRNA, what is used to orientate the strands?

3' and 5', carbons of ribose (sugar) link

All DNA and RNA are based on

nucleotides

Which stage do cells grow, carry out normal cell functions and prepare to replicate DNA?

Gap 1 (G1)

Describe the structure of DNA

sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate strands connected by nucleotides.

What is used to predict the offspring between two parents?

Punnett Square or test cross

A farmer breeds two rabits. 1 black and 1 white, black is dominant to white. Half of the offspring are black or white. What can you infer about the genotype of the black rabbit?

The parent was dominant heterozygous (Bb)

Define genotype

it is the pair of alleles that an organism inherits for traits.

An organisms with BB genotype is

dominant, homozygous

An organisms with Bb genotype is

dominant, heterozygous

An organisms with bb genotype is

recessive, homozygous

Gregor Mendal is known as

The Father of Genetics

What causes cells to become cancerous?

When a body cell divides out of control