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In chemistry, what is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation means that an atom (or molecule) is losing electrons. Reduction means that an atom (or molecule) is gaining electrons.
Can this be hydrolyzed?
YES! Glucose is a dissarcharide that can be digested into two monosaccharides.
Can this be hydrolyzed?
No. It can be broken down further, but it CANNOT be hydrolyzed.
What happens to a Maltose molecule AFTER it goes through HYDROLYSIS?
It will be digested (or split apart) into two Glucose molecules.
Carbohydrates that contain these functional groups are considered to be ____________.
Reducing sugars. REMEMBER! These sugars turn blue Bennedict's Solution different colors such as red, orange, yellow and green depending on their amount.
What do starch, glycogen, and cellulose have in common? How are they different?
They are all polysaccharides. Starch is found in potatoes. Glycogen is how glucose is stored in the liver. Cellose is found in plants (wood).
Complex carbohydrates are typically classified as chemicals known as _____________.
Polysaccharides
What is a disaccharide?
A small carbohydrate made of TWO monosaccharides.
These chemicals can be called ISOMERS. Why do they qualify as ISOMERS?
Glucose and Fructose BOTH are made of the SAME types of atoms. They also contain those atoms in the SAME amounts. They are just SHAPED different.
What is this chemical and what kind of foods do you find it in?
The chemical is Fructose. It can be found in fruits, such as apples and oranges. It can also be found in honey.
What is this chemical and how is it made?
The chemical is glucose. It is made by plants via a chemical reaction called photosynthesis.
What do you call an organic chemical with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
A carbohydrate
Why are carbohydrates useful to living organisms? And DON'T quote Mary Poppins!
Carbohydrates are a chemical that can be used by living organisms to create FUEL. Carbohydrates store energy.
Is sugar bad for you?
No, sugar itself is NOT bad for you. However, the AMOUNT that you consume could be bad for you, especially if you consume TOO MUCH!
DNA is an important molecule that can be called "the blueprint" of life. Does DNA contain sugar?
YES! DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar which is a type of pentose monosaccharide.
What is the difference between a Pentose and Hexose?
A Pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbons and a pentagon shape. A Hexose has 6 carbons and a hexagon shape.
HINT! Give a "generic" answer! A simple carbohydrate with just six carbon atoms is called a _____________.
monosaccharide
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer.
Monomers are SMALL molecules needed to construct LARGE molecules called Polymers.
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