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B1 Cell Biology
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Which has more water particles: A glass of concentrated squash, or a glass of dilute squash?
Dilute squash (if the volume of squash is the same for both).
A student leaves a piece of potato in 0.3 mol dm-3 concentration of sugar solution. Explain why the mass of the potato does not change!
The concentration of the sugar solution equals the concentration of the potato's cells, so there is no net flow of water in or out of the potato cells.
A student leaves a piece of potato in 0.6 mol dm-3 conenctration of sugar solution. Explain why the potato decreases in mass!
Water moves out of the potato cells via osmosis, so the potato loses mass.
A student leaves a piece of potato in 0.2 mol dm-3 concentration of sugar solution. Explain why the potato increases in mass!
Water moves into the potato cells via osmosis, so the potato gains mass.
What is the diffusion of water in and out of a cell called?
Osmosis
What is it called when gas or liquid particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration?
Diffusion
What is it called when cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Which plant cells can open and close to allow gas exchange and control water loss?
The guard cells
Which specialised animal cells have many mitochondria to provide energy for the cell to contract?
A muscle cell
Which specialised animal cell has enzymes to digest cell membrane in its tip and a tail for swimming?
A sperm cell
Which specialised animal cells have a large surface area, haemoglobin and no nucleus?
Red blood cell
The synapse pass chemical signals between cells. [True / False]
True
Chemical signals travel down the axon of this cell. [True / False]
False - electrical signals travel down the axon
What type of cell is this?
A nerve cell
Which is larger, a bacteria (prokaryotic) cell or a virus?
Bacteria
Which is larger, an animal cell or a bacteria (prokaryotic) cell?
Animal cell
What is the name of the "tail" that some bacteria have?
Flagella
In prokaryotic cells the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. [True / False]
True
Bacteria are an example of Prokaryotes cells. [True / False]
True
Eukaryotic cells have genetic material enclosed in a nucleus. [True / False]
True
What is the function of the vacuole in the plant cell?
Filled with cell sap, keeps the cell rigid to support the plant
What is the function of the chloroplasts in this plant cell?
Contains the chlorophyll, where photosynthesis takes place
What is the function of the ribosomes in this animal cell?
Where protein synthesis (making) takes place.
What is the function of the mitochondria in this animal cell?
Where aerobic respiration takes place.
What is the function of the Cell membrane in this animal cell?
Controls the passage of substances such as glucose into the cell and hormones out of the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm in this animal cell?
Where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place.
What is the function of the nucleus in this animal cell?
Controls the activities of the cell and contains the DNA.
This image of Chromosomes during cell division has a magnification of x4500. A light microscope was used to create this image. [True/False]
False. This power of magnification is achieved using an electron microscope.
How do you calculate the magnification of an image?
Magnification = size of image / size of real object
What is the missing label from this diagram of a microscope?
Objective lens
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