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What are four things that naturally change climate?
Movement of continents, Earth's position, Volcanic activity, and Solar energy
True or false: The number of sunspots decreases when the sun gives off more light.
False: Increases
True or false: The amount of energy given off by the sun changes over a regular 15 year cycle.
False, 11 years.
How do aerosols affect Earth's climates?
They can reflect solar radiation and may lower temperatures.
True or false: Volcanic eruptions release aerosols.
True
What is an aerosol?
Solid particles or liquid drops in gas
How many major ice ages were there in the last two million years?
About 20
How does Earth's surface change during an ice age?
It becomes covered in glaciers.
True or false: The angle of Earth's axis always stays the same.
False, it can change over time.
When Earth's orbit is more elliptical, does it get more or less sunlight during the year?
Less
200 million years ago, most of the land on Earth was part of a single continent. What was it called?
Pangaea
Do the continents move?
Yes!
If a continent moves towards the equator, how does its climate change?
It gets warmer.
True or false: Ice cores have a layer of ice for each year, just like tree rings.
True
What information can scientists get from tree rings?
Wide rings indicate a good growing season that was long or wet. Narrow rings indicate a dry year or a short growing season.
How does pollen help scientists study ancient climates?
They can look at pollen to determine what kind of plants lived in a location.
What are three types of evidence scientists examine to study ancient climates?
Pollen, Tree Rings, and Ice Cores
What principle do scientists follow in studying ancient climates?
If plants or animals today need certain conditions to live, then similar plants and animals in the past also required those conditions.
Does climate change quickly or slowly?
Slowly
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