Midterm Review Questions | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What is the value of each square inside of a punnett square?

25%

Which of the following are examples of a heterozygous genotype?

Gg Ff Oo Tt

Which of the following are examples of homozygous dominant genotypes?

AA EE RR

Which of the following are examples of genotypes in which the dominant gene will be evident in the phenotype?

Ff HH Oo Uu

If the mom's genotype is Rr and dad's genotype is Rr, what are the 3 possible genotypes for the offspring?

RR, Rr, rr

If R stands for red & and r stands for white, what is the possibility offspring will be red??

75%

If R stands for red & and r stands for white, what is the possibility offsping will be white?

25%

What is the possibility that the offspring will be yellow?

50%

what do the letters on the inside of a punnett square stand for?

The genotypes of possible offspings

What do the leters on the outside of punnett square stand for?

The parents' genotype

Describe a heterozygous genotype.

carries one dominant allele and one recessive allele ( T t)

Describe a Homozygous recessive genotype.

carries 2 copies of the same recessive allele (t t)

Describe a homozygous dominant genotype.

carries 2 copies of the same dominant allele (T T)

What is a phenotype?

The physical appearance of an organism

What is a genotypes?

the genetic identity of an organism

What is a punnett square?

a diagram used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting a particular trait

what are inherited traits?

genetically determined characteristics passed from parents to offspring

What is an allele?

one member of a pair of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome that controls the same trait

What is a gene?

segment of DNA that is transferred from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristic of the offspring.

What is heredity?

the biological process of passing on certain genes to offspring

What is Genetics?

the study of heredity

What is letter I on both diagrams?

golgi body

What is number 1 on the left diagram?

Chloroplast

What is A on the diagram?

Cell membrane

What is letter H on both diagrams?

Mitochondria

What is letter G on both diagrams?

Vacuole

What is letter D on both diagrams?

Smooth ER

What is letter B on both diagrams?

Nucleus

What organelles are ONLY in animal cells

Small vacuole & lysosomes

What organelle's are ONLY in plant cells?

Chlorplasts, cell wall

What is a vesicle?

A vesicle is an organelle that transports substances to other parts of the cell. It is used by the Golgi body.

What is ATP? Where is it manufactured?

ATP is the chemical energy of the cell, made from breaking down sugar molecules into energy, and is manufactured in the mitochondria.

What is an organelle?

Tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions in a cell

What is a lysosome?

found mostly in animal cells. Contains enzymes that help break down and recycle old cell parts and foreign objects like bacteria or viruses.

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?

in both plant & animal cells. A hollow network of tiny tubes. The surface has ribosomes. Serves as a roadways for proteins to travel

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

in both plant & animal cells. A hollow network of tiny tubes that makes lipids and enzymes.

What is a ribosome?

in both plant & animal cells. Follow instructions from the nucleus to make proteins from RNA.

What is a chloroplast?

found only plant cells. Green, oval, contains chlorophyll. Where photosynthesis occurs.

What is a vacuole?

found in plant & animal cells (large in plant cells/small and few in animal cells). Fluid-filled sacs that stores water & food in both plants and animals

What is mitochondria?

in both plant & animal cells. Powerhouse of the cell. Break down sugar molecules into energy (ATP). Active cells have more mitochondria.

What is cytoplasm?

in both plant & animal cells. Clear, thick, jelly like material that supports & protects the cell organelles.

What is the nucleus?

in both plant & animal cells. Controls the activities of the cell & hereditary information.

What is the cell membrane?

In both plant & animal cells. Supports & protects cell & allows materials to move in and out of the cell & helps to maintain homeostasis.

What is the cell wall?

rigid, stiff outer layer of a plant cell. Supports & Protects the cell.

A student investigated whether a person’s brand of shoe affects how fast they can run. What is the dependent variable?

Running Speed

A student investigated whether a person’s brand of shoe affects how fast they can run. What is the independent variable?

Brand of shoe

Does spinach make dogs grow larger? A scientist gets 6 poodles the same age and treats them the same except every day 3 dogs eat 10 ounces of dog food plus 4 ounces of spinach and 3 dogs eat 10 ounces of dog food. What is the dependent var?

size of dogs

Does spinach make dogs grow larger? A scientist gets 6 poodles the same age and treats them the same except every day 3 dogs eat 10 ounces of dog food plus 4 ounces of spinach and 3 dogs eat 10 ounces of dog food. What is independent var?

Spinach

Why can't a scientific law and a scientific theory turn into each other?

They answer different types of questions.

Name one characteristic of a scientific theory.

1. Based on inferences. 2. More generalized. 3. Answers "why" questions

Name one characteristic of a scientific law.

1. based on observations. 2. more descriptive. 3. Holds for specific conditions. 4. Answers "what" questions

Name one way in which scientific laws and scientific theories are similar?

Both are based on evidence. OR Both can change with new evidence

What stays the same in an experiment?

Control Variable

What is measured in an experiment?

Dependent variable

What is changed (on purpose) in an experiment?

Independent Variable

What is used to test a hypothesis?

Experiment

Scientific Method

A series of step used to test a hypothesis to reach a scientific conclusion OR A process that helps scientists gain knowledge about the world.

A rule based on facts and proven hypothesis. Answers "what" questions

Scientific Law

An explanation as to why certain laws and fact exist. Answers "why" questions

Scientific Theory

a statement that can be proven or disproven

hypothesis

something a person holds to be true - may not be scientifically proven

belief

During what phase does a cell spend most of its time?

Interphase

What is cytokinesis?

occurs after telophase when a cleavage furrow forms in the middle of the cell to divide the 2 nucleuses, the cytoplasm and the organelles into 2 complete cells

What are chromosomes?

tightly packed DNA - ONLY found during cell division

Which type of cell reproduction results in 4 haploid cells that are NOT genetically identical to the parent cell?

Meiosis

Which type of cell reproduction results in 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell?

Mitosis

Which type of cell reproduction results in genetic diversity?

Meiosis

What is happening to the pair of chromosomes in the picture?

Crossover

What stage of mitosis is shown in this picture?

telophase

What stage of mitosis is shown in this picture?

metaphase

What stage of mitosis is shown in this picture?

anaphase

What stage of mitosis is shown in this picture?

prophase

What holds 2 sister chromotids together?

centromere

A body cell that divides by mitosis?

somatic cell

A cell found in reproductive organs that divides by meiosis?

germ cell

2 threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides during mitosis

chromatid

List 2 of the 4 types of asexual reproduction?

Budding, binary fission, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction

Most of the life of a cell is spent in what phase?

Interphase

During what state of Meiosis does crossover happen?

Prophase I

During what stage of Mitosis does the nuclear membrane start to fragement?

Prophase

Germ cells are found where?

reproductive organs

Smallest structural & functional unit of an organism?

A cell

Which Eukaryotic kingdom has organisms that cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi?

Protista

In the 8 levels of classification, which category has organisms that are the most alike?

species

What Kingdom has ONLY autotrophic organisms?

Plantae

What domain has ONLY eukaryotic organisms?

Eukarya

Which 2 domains have only prokaryotic organisms?

Archaea & bacteria

List one reason why is it necessary to use scientific names instead of familiar names for organisms?

1.To avoid mistakes; common names can be misleading 2.To show that organisms in the same genus are related 3.To give descriptive information about the organism

What two taxonomic categories are used in an organism's scientific name?

Genus & species

What are the 4 kingdoms in the Eukarya domain?

Protista, Fungi, Plantea, Animalia

What are the 3 domains?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

What are the 8 categories of the organism classification system in order from the broadest category to the most specific category?

A. Domain B. Kingdom C. Phylum D. Class E. Order F. Family G. Genus H. Species

If an organism is a producer, is an autotroph or heterotroph?

autotroph

Which organism is more complex, a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Eukaryote

What is a eukaryotic organism?

An organism that has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

What is a prokaryotic organism?

an organism that has genetic material but does not have a membrane bound nucleus

what is a multicellular organism?

an organism that consists of more than one cell & is complex.

What is a unicellular organism?

an organism that consists of only one cell. Can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

What is a heterotroph?

Heterotroph: an organism that can not make its own food & obtains food from eating other organisms

What is an autotroph?

Autotroph: an organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

What was Virchow's contribution to cell theory?

He stated that all cells come from preexisting cell.

Why did Robert Hooke name his discovery 'cells'?

Because they like little rooms or monastery cells.

What is the smallest structural unit of an organism?

A cell

List the 7 characteristics/functions of cells

1. Metabolism 2. Response. 3. Homeostasis. 4. Growth. 5. Reproduction 6. Nutrition. 7. Defense

What is defense?

protection against enemies

What is nutrition?

Obtaining food for energy and growth

What is reproduction?

The ability to produce offspring

what is growth?

when an organism increases in size

What is homeostasis?

Keeping conditions inside the organism balanced and stable

What is cell response?

When a cell perceives and responds to changes in the environment.

What is metabolism?

Chemical reactions inside a cell

Who wrote the 3rd part of cell theory?

Virchow

Who wrote the first 2 parts of cell theory?

Schleiden & Schwann

Who concluded that all animal tissue is made of cells?

Schwann

Who concluded all plant tissue is made of cells?

Schleiden

Who named cells?

Robert Hooke

What are the 3 parts of cell theory.

1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life. 3. All cells result from the division of previously existing living cells

What is a microscope?

A tool that uses lenses to magnify objects.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Cell with a nucleus & membrane bound organelles

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Cell without a nucleus and without membrane bound organelles.

List 2 of the 3 parts of the definition of a cell.

1. smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. 2. Usually microscopic. 3. Has cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane.