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What are 3 examples of failure of governance?
War, corruption, coups, lack of investment
Name 2 economic barriers that inhibit development.
tariffs, how much debt a country has, Governments lack the ability to invest in infrastructure, health & education
Name 2 social barriers that inhibit development.
Women denied access to labour markets or political rights, religious or ethnic groups barred from the labour markets
Name 2 demographic factors that inhibit development.
High birth rates, High death rates, High levels of emigration of skilled workers (“Brain drain”)
What are 3 geographical factors that may inhibit development?
Landlocked, Lack navigable rivers, Lack natural harbours, Arid conditions, Tropical conditions, Small land locked countries
What is the dependency ratio formula?
Dependent population divided by population of working age x 100
What are 5 factors that promote or inhibit development?
Political, economic, social, institutional and environmental
Name 3 of the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierachy of Needs.
Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
What is the main factor that Sen argues is the key to development?
The expansion of individual freedoms.
Describe the well-being approach.
People’s well-being depends upon what they are actually capable of doing and being.
What are Amartya Sen's 2 professions?
Economist and philosopher.
What are some criticisms of the basic needs approach?
Consumption-oriented, programs that focus more on subsistence than fairness. It focuses on allowing the society to consume just enough to rise above the...
What is the basic needs approach mainly used to measure?
Levels of poverty in a country.
Describe the basic needs approach.
there are certain goods and services which every human being ought to have in order to live a decent life
What is marginalization?
Marginalisation is the process of being pushed to the edge of economic activity, of being largely left out of positive economic trends
Name 2 composite indicators.
Human development index, multidimensional poverty index, gender inequality index, fragile states index
Name 3 single environmental indicators.
Forrest cover, areas protected, pollution level, biodiversity, endangered species.
Name 3 economic indicators.
Internet connectivity, mobile ownership, GDP/GNP/GNI per capita, unemployment rate, debt ratio, economic freedom index, car ownership, income, home ownership
What are 3 examples of a social single indicator?
Literacy rates, primary school attendance, tertiary education, domestic violence, life expectancy, infant/child mortality rates, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, etc.
What are 6 areas of development for a country?
Economic, social, demographic, political, cultural and environmental.
What concept does GDP fail to capture?
Well-being.
What are 2 consequences to economic growth?
Climate change and wealth inequality.
What is GDP used to measure?
A country's economy.
What does capita mean?
Person.
Which country ranks highest in the HDI?
Switzerland
Which indicator is most commonly used by IMF and World Bank to measure development?
GDP
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