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DNA and DNA replication
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Assuming 10% of a DNA sample is G, How much is in total is A and T?
80% (40%A + 40%T = 80% A&T)
The lagging strand requires multiple primers to build, true or false?
True!
What are Okazaki fragments?
Short DNA chunks of the lagging strand.
Explain the difference between leading and lagging strand?
Leading strand is made faster (template strand: 3'-5'). Lagging strand is made more slowly and in chunks (template strand: 5'-3').
What do the single stranded binding proteins (SSBP) do?
Hold template strands in place, prevents DNA strands fronm joining together.
Which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides?
5' to 3' direction.
The DNA backbone has weaker bonds than the middle of the strand?
False!
Explain why DNA strands have a 5' end and a 3' end
Each carbon is numbered on a nucleotide. The last carbon on the strand is5th = 5', 3rd = 3'.
All living things contain DNA, true or false?
True!
Why does DNA replication occur?
A second copy of DNA is required for producing the daughter cell in mitosis.
When does DNA replication occur?
Before mitosis / Interphase - S-phase
DNA repliciation is described as being semi-conservative, explain what this means?
Each new strand produced contain an original template strand and a newly built strand.
Apart from enzymes, list two essential ingrediants for DNA replication:
Free nucleotides, Template strand.
List the four essential enzymes for DNA replication:
DNA polymerase, Helicase, Ligase, Primase.
What is the function of the RNA primer?
The RNA primer marks the beginning of the new DNA strand.
What is the function of primase?
This enzyme makes the RNA primer.
What is the function of ligase?
Molecular "glue" that joins DNA together.
What does the enzyme, helicase do?
Breaks hydrogen bonds between bases, seperating the two strands.
What does the enzyme, DNA polymerase do?
Builds new strand, checks for errors in DNA code.
What are the bonds that form between two bases?
Hydrogen bonds
Where is DNA stored in the Eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus
Where is DNA stored in the prokaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
A DNA sample has in total 200 of 1000 bases that are G and C. How may are T?
A&T = 800, T = 400
What is the back of DNA strand called?
The sugar-phophate backbone.
What are Chargaffs rules?
In a given DNA sample: %A = %T, %G = %C.
Explain what is base-pairing?
It is how complementary DNA bases bond together. A-T, G-C.
Name the four DNA bases:
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the name given for the structure of DNA?
DNA-double helix
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
Name the three components of a DNA nucleotide:
Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous base.


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