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Life Science Semester One Exam Review 2024
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Spindle Fibers are made from _________________.
centrioles/centrosomes
True or False: Interphase is a part of mitosis
False; it's a part of the cell cycle.
Name the phase of mitosis shown in the picture.
telophase
Name the phase of mitosis shown in the picture.
anaphase
Name the phase of mitosis shown in the picture.
metaphase
Name the phase of mitosis shown in the picture.
prophase
mitochondria/other organelles are copied
 
interphase
 
mitosis
Cytoplasm divides immediately AFTER this period
 
mitosis
 
interphase
DNA synthesis occurs
 
interphase
 
mitosis
chromosomes are duplicated
 
interphase
 
mitosis
Chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells
 
mitosis
 
interphase
Nuclear division occurs
 
mitosis
 
interphase
Cell growth occurs during ______________.
 
interphase
 
mitosis
Define cell division. What is the overall result of cell division?
Cell division is the process by which two daughter cells are formed from one original cell. The result is two genetically identical cells.
Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis.
both: forms of division. Mitosis = division of nucleus/DNA. Cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm/organelles.
Describe the main difference between telophase in plant cells and in animal cells.
In plant cells, the cell plate forms; in animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms.
______________________ undergo cell differentiation.
 
multicellular organisms
 
unicellular organisms
 
all organisms
The division of the nucleus or genetic material is known as __________________.
 
mitosis
 
the cell cycle
 
cytokinesis
Sister chromatids are held together by a structures called _______________________.
 
centromeres
 
spindle fibers
 
centrosomes
The phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell is known as ____________.
metaphase
Chromosomes duplicate during ___________________ of interphase.
 
S phase
 
G1 phase
 
G2 phase
The sequence of growth and division of a cell makes up ____________.
 
The Cell Cycle
 
Interphase
 
Mitosis
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other is called ______________________.
anaphase
How to you calculate total magnification?
eye piece magnification x objective lens magnification
Which of the following is NOT a reason why water is important to all life?
 
none of these
 
Water makes up more than 70% of a cell’s volume
 
Macromolecules need water in order to work.
 
Water helps insulate our bodies; helps maintain homeostasis
Which of the following processes uses carrier proteins or channel proteins to move materials from areas of high contentration to low concentration?
 
Facilitated Diffusion
 
Osmosis
 
Diffusion
 
Endocytosis
List the levels of classification in order from LEAST specific to MOST specific.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
they are opposite reactions
Photosynthesis produces ____________ while cellular respiration releases ___________.
 
oxygen, carbon dioxide
 
ATP, water
 
carbon dioxide, oxygen
 
all of these
Which of the following is one of the reactants (or ingredients) needed for photosynthesis?
 
carbon dioxide
 
glucose (sugar)
 
oxygen
 
all of these
Photosynthesis occurs in which cell organelle?
chloroplasts
_____________ are the organisms that undergo photosynthesis
plants; some bacteria - but NOT animals
______________ is what happens when there’s not enough oxygen present in cells to break down food molecules to produce ATP.
fermentation
Name the locations of cellular respiration
main site = mitochondria; other place is cytoplasm (glycolysis)
In cellular respiration, what gets broken down?
 
glucose (sugar)
 
carbon dioxide
 
water
 
oxygen
In cellular respiration, what happens to carbon dioxide that is produced?
it gets exhaled out of our bodies
Which of the following gases is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
 
oxygen
 
carbon dioxide
 
water
 
glucose
The purpose of cellular respiration is to _____________________.
make ATP
_____________ removes materials for the cell while using cellular energy.
Exocytosis
_____________ takes in materials for the cell to use while using cellular energy.
Endocytosis
Name an active transport process
endocytosis or exocytosis
Name a form of passive transport
diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion
Which organelle helps the cell maintain homeostasis by controlling what enters and exits the cell?
cell membrane
Organisms that have DNA include: _____________________.
both prokaryotes & eukaryotes
Organisms that DO have membrane bound organelles include: _____________________.
eukaryotes
Organisms that are generally single-celled include: _____________________.
prokaryotes
Organisms that are made up of more than one cell include: _____________________.
eukaryotes
Organisms that DO have a nucleus includes: _____________________.
eukaryotes
Organisms that DO NOT have a nucleus includes: _____________________.
prokaryotes
Organisms that DO NOT have membrane-bound organelles include _____________________.
prokaryotes
____________ help organize chromosomes during mitosis in animal cells.
centrosomes
The _____________ is made up of microtubules and microfilaments; provides a highway for materials to move within the cytoplasm of the cell.
cytoskeleton
The ______________ modifies proteins chemically, then repackages them to distribute the proteins in vesicles around the cell.
Golgi apparatus
The ________________ produces a usable form of energy for the cell to use through a process called cellular respiration.
mitochondria
The __________ is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
cell wall
____________ are small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum and its function is to make proteins.
ribosomes
_________ digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria.
lysosomes
______________ contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight to make food, and gives most plants their green color.
chloroplasts
The organelle that manages cell functions in eukaryotic cells/contains the genetic information used to make proteins is known as the _________________.
nucleus
The ___________ is the clear fluid inside of the cell; holds organelles in place and helps control movement of materials within the cell.
Cytoplasm
The _____________________ is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The site where ribosomes are made is known as the __________________.
nucleolus
The ____________ is a large membrane bound, storage sac found mostly in plant cells.
vacuole
_____________ are used for energy storage, structural support, and communication.
Carbohydrates
_______________ are used for energy storage, protective membranes, and communication.
Lipids
Which of the following macromolecules best describes these functions: communication, transport, chemical breakdown of substances, structural support.
Proteins
___________ contain genetic information.
Nucleic Acids
The _____________ is used to study an object’s surface and produces a 3D image.
SEM (scanning electron microscope)
What is the main reason why scientists use scientific names instead of common names when referring to an organism?
common names can be regional
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Animalia?
 
multicellular organisms that DO NOT make their own food.
 
unicellular organisms that DO NOT make their own food.
 
multicellular organisms that DO make their own food.
 
unicellular organisms that DO make their own food.
The movement of a substance through the cell membrane that requires energy to occur would be known as ____________ transport.
 
active
 
passive
 
diffusion
 
osmosis
Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of the cell theory?
 
none of these
 
All living things are made up of one or more cells
 
The cell is the smallest unit of life
 
All cells come from pre-existing cells
In an experiment, the quantity you are measuring is most related to which of the following items?
 
Dependent variable
 
independent variable
 
control
 
constants
Which of the following is NOT a testable, scientific question?
 
If ghosts are real, how do they move?
 
Does Dr. Pepper have more carbonation than Diet Coke?
 
Which type of fertilizer will control dandelions the best?
 
How does exercise change a person’s heart rate?
In which step of the scientific method would you make a graph for your data?
analyze results
Identify the independent variable given the hypothesis: If I eat breakfast, then I will perform better at school.
eating breakfast
The “if” portion of a hypothesis typically relates to the ______________ variable.
independent
The _________ is used as a standard of comparison.
control
Teenage students going through puberty is an example of which characteristic of life?
 
development
 
obtain/use energy
 
DNA
 
maintain homeostasis
Which characteristic of life applies to all living things?
 
Obtain/use energy
 
reproduce by dividing asexually
 
respond to light
 
multicellular
A _________ is the smallest unit of life.
cell
Which of the following is NOT one of the current Domains?
 
Monera
 
Archaea
 
Bacteria
 
Eukarya
_______________ is the current classification system
Systematics
__________________ is when a single cell splits to make an identical organism.
 
Asexual reproduction
 
sexual reproduction
 
Maintain homeostasis
 
response to stimuli
Humans, dogs, cats, and trees would be examples of _______________ organisms.
 
Multicellular
 
Unicellular
 
Autotrophic
 
none of these
A ______________ is a visual diagram showing relatedness of organisms.
Cladograms
As you increase magnification, what happens to the field of view?
Field of view decreases
________________ refers to making an object appear larger than it actually is.
 
magnification
 
resolution
 
Field of view
 
Objective lens
Unicellular organisms are members of which kingdoms?
 
Archaea, Bacteria, Prostista
 
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
 
Fungi, Plantae, Bacteria
 
Animalia, Archaea, Bacteria
________________ would be the most specific level of classification.
Species
__________ make their own food
Autotrophs
Mushrooms are a part of kingdom ___________.
fungi
An earthworm is part of which kingdom?
animalia
Jumping after hearing a loud/startling noise would be an example of responding to which type of stimulus?
external
Pulling your hand away after touching something really hot would be an example of responding to which type of stimulus?
external
Eating food when you’re hungry would be an example of responding to which type of stimulus?
internal
A scientific name is made up of an organism’s ____________________________.
genus and species
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment when outside environment is changing refers to which characteristic of life?
maintaining homeostasis
Regulating your body temperature would be an example of which characteristic of life?
respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis
A bacterium dividing and becoming two bacteria would be an example of which characteristic of life?
reproduction
A tadpole changing into a frog would be an example of which characteristic of life?
growth & development
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