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Criminology Unit 4 2022
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What is the marixist criticism of rehabiliation?
Marxist criticise for rehab programmes shift the blame on the individual offender and not capitalism that actually causes
Which theory matches the aim of public protection as a punishment?
Lombroso, right realism
What are the two types of deterrence?
Individual and general
How can amends be made socially?
Restorative justice
How can amends be made for material damage?
Financial compensation or unpaid work
What is the main aim of reparation as a form of punishment?
To allow the offender to make amends with the individual victim and or society as a whole
What is the overall aim of public protection?
To protect the public from further offences, to remove the ability of the offender offending again
What is the overall all aim of punishment as a deterrance?
To put someone off committing crime
What is the overall all aim of punishment as a deterrance?
To put someone off committing crime
Which aim of punishment is the idea that punishment can be used to reform or change offenders?
Rehabiliation
Which aim of punishment literally means 'paying back'?
Retribution
What is the main question control theorists ask?
Why do people obey the law? ( others ask why do they brake the law)
What is coercion?
The use of threat of force to make someone do or not do something
How is internal control created?
Tradition, culture, socialisation and rational ideology
Which form of control is linked to Hirschi's theory?
External
What is the difference between internal and external forms of social control?
Internal is control from within yourself, self control while external is control exacted by society
Which model includes rules about arrest, questioning and disclosure?
Due Process
Which model starts with the presumption of guilt?
Crime control
Which model of criminal justice links with Right realism and Functionalism?
Crime control
What formal sanctions can courts impose?
Custodial sentences, community service, fines, discharge
How does the Courts work with the HM Prison service?
prisons carry out custodial sentences, facilitate visits from defence lawyers to their clients in prison, set up video links to courts for prisoners
What do courts do?
Courts allow the prosecution and defence lawyers to present arguments and evidence for and against the defendant.
Which formal punishments do the police have authority for?
Minor- fixed fines serious- arrest, detain and send files to CPS
How do the police work with voluntary organisations?
The police refer victims and witnesses of crime to victim support, women's refuges, the witness service etc.
How do the police work with governmental departments?
The police are funded by the Home Office, it also publishes police crime statistics and sets policing priorities
What do the police do?
Investigate crimes and collate evidence. Arrest, detain and question suspects
Give an example of statues you could use in your answers when discussing governmental law making
Any eg The Criminal Justice Act 2003- Double Jeopardy law change, Equality Act 2010
At which stage is after both Houses have agreed the legislation?
Royal assesnt
At which stage of govenmental law making that sets out the detailed plans for the legislation for the first time?
White paper
Which is the first stage of governmental law making?
Green Paper
What are the three parts of parliament?
The monarch, House of Lords, house of commons
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