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English 31 Public

Darwin, Geologic Time Scale, Evidence for Evolution, Cladograms, Natural Selection

Study Slideshow

Turtles that lived on the Galapagos islands have different neck lengths. Why did this variation exist?

Turtles lived in different habitats and had features that allowed for them to access food available.

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Darwin's Theory of Evolution focuses on the idea that organisms are all related to a common ancestor. Explain how a cladogram shows this.

At the base of a cladogram is a common ancestor. As characteristics arise over time, they are listed BEFORE the species that have them.

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During his travels, what did Darwin notice about variation among organisms? (3 ways species vary)

global, local, over time

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Provide an example for how species vary locally.

Finches living close together have different sized beaks because they live in different habitats.

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Provide an example for how species vary globally.

Organisms with similar features are found in similar environments across the globe.

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Provide an example for how species vary over time.

Species that have gone extinct resemble species currently living today.

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Provide an example of variation in a population of butterflies might vary.

wing shape, size, pattern, etc.

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What types of advantages do birds with large beaks have over birds with smaller beaks?

stronger for cracking seeds/ breaking into food source

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What is being shown in the image?

Geologic Time Scale

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Put the categories that separate time into order from BIGGEST (most inclusive) to SMALLEST (least inclusive).

Eon, Era, Period

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Which period occurred further back in Earth's history--Jurassic or Permian? EXPLAIN.

Jurassic--time gets more recent as you move down the time scale.

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Which organism is most distantly related to humans. How do you know?

hawk or frog--same number of DNA differences; squirrel has most similar DNA pattern

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How do the wings of a bat and the fin of a whale provide evidence for evolution?

These structures are homologous (same bone types) indicating that these organisms were related by a common ancestor.

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What is an analogous structure?

Structures with the same type of function but not a similar internal makeup (ex: insect wings vs bird wings)

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How does the fossil record provide evidence for evolution?

It shows gradual change in structures over time.

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How does embryological evidence support Darwin's theory of evolution?

Organisms looked the same early in development and developed structural differences as they grew.

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