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Comparing one thing to another using like or as.
Simile
Saying something is something else to create imagery.
Metaphor
Giving human qualities to non-human things
Personification
Repeating the same sound at the start of words
Alliteration
Words that imitate sounds (e.g., bang, splash)
Onomatopoeia
Deliberate exaggeration for effect
Hyperbole
Words designed to make the reader feel an emotion
Emotive language
Using a word or phrase more than once for emphasis
Repetition
A shift backwards in time
Flashback
A hint or shift forwards in time
Flashforward
A clue about what will happen later in the text
Foreshadowing
When the writer moves the attention from one thing to another (e.g., setting → character).
Shift in focus
The ending links back to the beginning
Cyclical structure
The writer delays giving details to create tension or curiosity
Withholding information
Ending a section with unresolved tension or suspense
Cliffhanger
The speed at which a text moves, created through sentence length, punctuation, and detail
Pace
