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What were the three systems used by the Spanish to coerce Native Americans to perform labor?
mit'a, hacienda, encomienda
What was used to measure wealth in the mercantilist system?
gold and silver
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, diseases, animals, and crops
What group of people were at the top of the Casta System
Peninsulars
What two groups of people were at the bottom of the Casta System?
Indigenous people and African slaves
Approximately how many Africans were transported along the Atlantic Slave Trade?
10-12 million
What are two specific ways that the Atlantic Slave Trade affected Africa?
lowered population, declining birth rates, collapse of economies, warfare and instability because of weapons, development of racist ideology
What was the Middle Passage?
journey of slaves between Africa and Americas; brutal in the conditions
What was the main difference between indentured servitude and chattel slavery?
Indentured servants eventually became free; slaves were slaves for life
Why did Japan isolate itself from the rest of the world in the late 1500s, 1600s, and 1700s?
To reduce outside (European/Christian) influence and to preserve traditional Japanese culture
What two countries signed the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain and Portugal
Which country would be considered the "loser" of the Treaty of Tordesillas and which country the "winner"
Spain wins, Portugal loses
What were three crops traded along the Columbian Exchange from New World to the Old World?
Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, pumpkin
What was the Great Dying?
Massive loss of life in the Americas in the Native population due to the introduction and spread of European diseases
What are four different types of transportation technologies that made overseas exploration and trade possible?
junk, dhow, carravel, fluyte ships, magnetic compass, astrolabe
Why did the Chinese not engage in transoceanic exploration?
They already had all the stuff the Europeans wanted
