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What is the most common congenital condition?
Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV)
Which imaging modalities play an important role in evaluating patients with BAV?
TEE, MRI and CT
What does BAV most commonly lead to?
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Aortic Stenosis can be _____________ without obtaining pressure gradients.
overestimated
Sclerotic velocities differ from Stenotic velocities. If the Aortic Velocity is < equal to 2.5 m/s, then the valve ________.
sclerotic
How is Aortic Valve Area Calculated & what is the equation?
Continuity Equation: AVA = CSA (OT) x TVI (OT) / TVI (AS)
Normal Aortic Valve should be (this big)
3-4 cm^2
Echo Criteria for Severe Aortic Stenosis Values;
a) Max Velocity? b) Peak Pressure Gradient? c) Mean Pressure Gradient?
a) >4m/s
b) >64mmHg
c) 40mmHg
AHA recommends Valve replacement even wo symptoms at velocity _____ and MPG of _______.
>5m/s and >60mmHg
In most patient w/ AS, average increase in MPG is of ________ / year.
0 - 10 mmHg
In PLAX view, the Aortic Cusps _(shape)_ during __(cycle)__.
dome, systole
Apical, Suprasternal and Right Parasternal should be obtained using __(transducer type)___.
Non- Imaging Probe
If there is no significant change in gradient after introducing Dobutamine, then there is possible ____________.
LV dysfunction.
True/ False: Its crucial to look at both PG and AVA as decreased flow (stroke Volume) results in decreased PG.
True. (facts page8 ppt)
A-Fib is most common in pts with _____.
A.S
_____ ______ is a complication of Aortic Stenosis
Exertional Syncope
