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In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________.
duodenum
During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the __________.
gastroesophageal sphincter
During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.
the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited
What intestinal structure(s) consist(s) of protective aggregated nodules of lymphocytes and macrophages?
Peyer's patches
Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?
gastrin
Which sequence below represents the correct order of the tunics of the GI tract, starting from the layer adjacent to the lumen and moving superficially?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
What substances from different organs would mix together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
bile and pancreatic enzymes
What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?
decreased surface area for absorption
The final product of carbohydrate digestion is __________.
monosaccharides
What cells produce HCl?
parietal cells
What cells produce pepsinogen?
chief cells
The digestive system in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because, in a cadaver, there is NO __________.
muscle tone
Emulsification of which organic molecules would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?
lipids
The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by __________.
the enteric nerve plexuses
The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________.
the secretion of intrinsic factor
Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes.
cephalic
