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Scientists observe that an object at rest remains at rest unless an unbalanced force acts on it
Law
Scientists explain that Earth's outer surface is divided into large plates that move slowly and cause earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain formation.
Theory
Scientists find that when the net force on an object increases while its mass stays the same, its acceleration increases according to a predictable mathematical relationship.
Law
Scientists use evidence from fossils, DNA, and living organisms to explain how populations of organisms change over many generations.
Theory
Scientists observe that energy can change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant.
Law
Scientists explain that matter is made of tiny particles called atoms and use this idea to explain many properties and behaviors of matter.
Theory
Scientists observe that every action force between two interacting objects has an equal-magnitude force in the opposite direction.
Law
Scientists explain that the universe began in an extremely hot, dense state and has been expanding and changing over time.
Theory
Scientists find that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas increases when its volume decreases, as long as the temperature remains constant.
Law
Scientists use evidence to explain that Earth's continents were once arranged differently and have moved because of the motion of tectonic plates.
Theory
Scientists observe that during an ordinary chemical reaction in a closed system, the total mass before the reaction equals the total mass after the reaction.
Law
Scientists explain that diseases can be caused by microorganisms that enter the body and reproduce.
Theory
Scientists determine that planets travel around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
Law
Scientists use a well-supported explanation to describe how Earth's Moon likely formed after a massive collision between early Earth and another large object.
Theory
Scientists observe that the gravitational attraction between two objects depends predictably on their masses and the distance between them.
Law
Scientists explain that particles in matter are constantly moving and that their motion generally increases as temperature increases.
Theory
