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What did Barry Marshall and Robin Warren investigate?
The causes of peptic ulcers.
What organism did Marshall and Warren identify as being associated with peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
Why was Marshall and Warren's discovery significant?
It challenged the accepted belief that ulcers were mainly caused by stress, lifestyle or excess stomach acid and demonstrated the importance of bacteria in ulce
What did Jan Baptist van Helmont investigate?
He investigated how plants gain mass as they grow.
What was wrong with van Helmont's conclusion about plant growth?
He concluded that almost all the plant's mass came from water, because he did not account for carbon dioxide from the air.
What did Percy Spencer discover?
That microwaves could heat food, leading to the development of the microwave oven.
What was an important observation made by Percy Spencer?
A food item near microwave-producing equipment became heated.
What did Eratosthenes calculate?
The approximate circumference of Earth.
What principle did Eratosthenes use to estimate Earth's circumference?
Differences in shadow angles at different locations, combined with the distance between those locations.
What is the significance of Eratosthenes' investigation?
It demonstrated how mathematical reasoning and observations can be used to investigate something that cannot easily be measured directly.
What is the Doppler effect?
The apparent change in frequency of a wave caused by relative motion between the source and observer.
What happens to the observed frequency when a sound source approaches an observer?
The observed frequency increases and the wavelength decreases.
What happens when the source moves away from the observer?
The observed frequency decreases and the wavelength increases.
What did Joseph Priestley investigate using plants and gases?
He investigated whether plants could restore or improve air that had been altered by burning or respiration.
Why were Priestley's experiments important?
They contributed to the development of understanding about oxygen, combustion and photosynthesis.
What is the scientific method?
A systematic process involving observation, questioning, hypothesis formation, investigation, data collection, analysis and conclusion.
