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English 15 Public

Review of Enlightenment Terms and People

Study Slideshow

An 18th century intellectual movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

The Enlightenment

5

English philosopher and political theorist best known for his book Leviathan (1651), in which he argues that the only way to secure civil society is through universal submission to the absolute authority of a sovereign.

Thomas Hobbes

5

A form of government in which the ruler has absolute power(not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Absolutism

5

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Very anti-slavery as well

John Locke

5

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property. First proposed by John Locke.

natural rights

5

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)

Montesquieu

5

French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

Voltaire

5

French writer and Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a book called The Social Contract, and believed

Jean Jacques Rousseau

5

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. First written about by Rousseau

The Social Contract

5

God as the absent clockmaker who started things but does not participate in daily life of humans

deism

5

British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women."

Mary Wolstonecraft

5

A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle cla

liberalism

5

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. synonym: independence

Sovereignty

5

the right to vote in political elections

suffrage

5

a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.

Revolution

5