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What is meant by a scientific investigation?
A systematic process used to test hypotheses, collect data, and draw evidence-based conclusions.
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in an investigation?
To make a testable and predictive statement that can be supported or rejected by evidence.
Identify the independent variable in an investigation.
The variable that is deliberately changed by the researcher.
Why must controlled variables be kept constant?
To ensure that any change in the dependent variable is due only to the independent variable.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data is descriptive, while quantitative data is numerical and measurable.
How does technology improve the accuracy of scientific investigations?
It allows more precise measurements, reduces human error, and enables data collection at smaller scales.
Give one example of technology used to collect data in modern science.
Data loggers, sensors, microscopes, or spectrometers.
Why are digital data loggers preferred over manual measurements in many investigations?
They collect continuous data automatically and reduce human error.
How has computer modelling changed scientific investigations?
It allows scientists to simulate systems, predict outcomes, and test scenarios that may be impractical or unsafe.
What does validity mean in a scientific investigation?
That the investigation tests what it claims to test.
How can technology improve the reliability of data?
By allowing repeated measurements under consistent conditions.
Why is calibration important when using scientific instruments?
To ensure measurements are accurate and comparable to standard values.
Identify one limitation of relying heavily on technology in investigations.
Equipment failure, cost, or over-reliance on automated results.
How can technology introduce bias into scientific investigations?
Through faulty sensors, incorrect software algorithms, or selective data processing.
Explain how advances in technology can change scientific understanding.
New technologies allow observations that were previously impossible, leading to new evidence and theories.
Give an example of how space technology has improved scientific investigations.
Satellites and telescopes allow data collection beyond Earth’s atmosphere.
