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What war forced China to open its ports to British trade in the 19th century?
Opium War
What belief justified European domination by claiming that stronger societies naturally dominate weaker ones?
Social Darwinism
Which British company controlled India before the government took direct control?
British East India Company
Which canal in Egypt allowed faster sea travel to India and Asia?
Suez Canal
What raw material was exploited in the Congo under King Leopold II?
Rubber
Which ideology argued that Europeans had a moral duty to “civilize” colonized peoples?
White Man’s Burden
Which country industrialized and expanded into Korea by the late 19th century?
Japan
Which machine gave Europeans a major advantage in colonial military campaigns?
Maxim gun
What resource discovered in South Africa increased tensions between the British and the Boers?
Diamonds
Which ideology encouraged nations to prove strength and prestige through colonies?
Nationalism
Which infrastructure project helped Britain move goods and troops across India efficiently?
Railroads
What general term describes regions reorganized by Europeans to supply raw materials for industrial economies?
Colonies
Which raw material from India and Africa was essential for European textile production?
Cotton
What term describes European competition for territory in Africa without regard for African borders?
Scramble for Africa
