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What are minerals?
Substances that are naturally occurring and have a fixed chemical composition
What are rocks made of?
Rocks are made of one or more minerals
Name a mineral commonly found in granite?
Quartz (also feldspar and mica)
How do igneous rocks form?
From cooling and solidifying magma or lava
What determines the size of crystals in igneous rocks?
How fast the magma or lava cools
What mineral is sandstone mostly made of?
Quartz
What mineral is limestone mostly made of?
Calcite
What holds sedimentary rocks together?
Cementing minerals like calcite or quartz
How do metamorphic rocks form?
From heat and pressure changing existing rocks
What mineral makes up marble?
Calcite
Name a metamorphic rock that forms from shale?
Slate
True or false? All rocks contain minerals
True
What do we call the original rock before it becomes metamorphic?
The parent rock
What clues can show what minerals a rock contains?
Colour, hardness, texture, crystal shape
Which type of rock can have banded mineral layers?
Metamorphic rocks (like gneiss)
What type of rock forms from sediments being compacted and cemented?
Sedimentary rock
