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Who took political control of Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?
The Roman Catholic Church.
What is a pope?
The bishop of Rome, who became an especially powerful member of medieval society.
Why did the Roman Catholic Church grow in importance after the Western Roman Empire collapsed?
Church officials stepped in to fill the void as political authority declined, and bishops of Rome received the title of pope.
Who was Clovis and why was he important?
Clovis was a Frankish king who embraced Catholic Christianity and received the support of church leaders in Rome.
What was the Merovingian royal line?
The royal line formed by the sons of Clovis who divided his kingdom.
Who was Charles Martel and what did he do?
Charles Martel, son of Pepin II, expanded the Frankish kingdom and defeated many tribes including the Lombards and Saxons.
Why is Charlemagne significant?
Charlemagne was titled "Charles the Great," extended influence over Europe, supported education, and was proclaimed Roman emperor by the pope in 800.
What happened to Europe after Charlemagne’s death?
Europe was divided among his sons, leading to a decline in central power.
How did feudalism meet needs for support and protection?
By exchanging land called “fiefs” for military service and creating a system where nobles and peasants had mutual obligations.
What is a manor?
A nobleman’s self-supporting estate in a feudal society.
Why might it have been good or bad for common people to have disputes settled by their lord?
It was good because the lord knew them and could provide quick justice, but bad because there was no possibility of appeal.
Why did people move to towns around 1100 to 1500?
Due to improved farming methods leading to population growth and the growth of trade at intersections of trade routes.
What is a charter?
A legal document given by the king that listed privileges of the town’s people and freed them from most feudal duties.
How did Henry II strengthen royal authority in England?
By using royal circuit courts and developing common law that applied uniformly across England.
What is common law?
Uniform laws set up by Henry II that applied to all of England and overruled differing local laws.
What is Parliament?
A group of advisors to the English king, eventually divided into the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
