Share Genetic variation and change (AS91157)
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Define: Allele
Different forms of a gene due to slightly different order of bases e.g. brown eyes and blue eyes
Define: gamete
Sex cell of an organism e.g. sperm, egg, pollen or ova
Describe: segregation
The process that occurs during meiosis where pairs of alleles are separated when the homologous chromosomes split
What is genetic diversity?
A measure of the different genetic combinations within a gene pool
Describe: founder effect
The loss of genetic variation when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Define: allele frequency
A measure of the relative frequency of an allele on a genetic locus in a population.
Define: homozygous
The same form of the allele is present in the genotype e.g. HH, hh
What is independent assortment?
The way the homologous chromosomes line up at the equator maternal and paternal, is completely random
Define: selection pressure
Environmental factors that influence the survival and reproductive success of individuals within a population.
Define: co-dominance
Heterozygous individuals have a phenotype that shows the phenotype of both parents
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location.
Define: pure breeding
A group of identical individuals that only produce one type of gamete due to the fact they are homozygous
What is F1
The parental generation (P) is the first set of parents crossed. This generation consists of all the offspring from the parents.
What is crossing over?
During meiosis, when the homologous chromosomes line up at the equator, they can exchange genetic information.
Define: Gene pool
Refers to the total number of alleles of every individual in a population.
What is Asexual reproduction?
Reproduction involving only one parent. Doesn’t produce genetic variation.
