Share Chemistry and Biology 1.3 - Genetic Variation
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What is an allele?
Different forms of a gene due to slightly different order of bases e.g. brown eyes and blue eyes
What is a gamete?
Sex cell of an organism e.g. sperm, egg, pollen or ova
Name the process: The process that occurs during meiosis where pairs of alleles are separated when the homologous chromosomes split
Segregation
What is genetic diversity?
A measure of the different genetic combinations within a gene pool
What is Allele frequency?
A measure of the relative frequency of an allele on a genetic locus in a population.
What is founder effect?
The loss of genetic variation when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Describe Homozygous.
The same form of the allele is present in the genotype e.g. HH, hh
What is independent assortment?
The way the homologous chromosomes line up at the equator maternal and paternal, is completely random
What is selection pressure?
Environmental factors that influence the survival and reproductive success of individuals within a population.
What is natural selection?
The process by which heritable traits increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.
What is evolution?
Is the change in the characteristics of a species over time and relies on natural selection.
What is migration?
Movement of organisms into (immigration) and out (emigration) of a population.
What is a pedigree chart?
A diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors
What is a test cross?
A genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
What is fertilisation?
The union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes to produce a diploid zygote in reproduction
What is meiosis?
The type of cell division which produces gametes
