What was the name of the powerful medieval trade network connecting northern European cities?
The Hanseatic League
What was the Investiture Controversy about?
A conflict between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor over who had the right to appoint bishops.
Which group of people were responsible for transcribing and preserving many ancient texts during the Middle Ages?
Monks in monasteries
What was the primary function of a manor in medieval Europe?
A self-sufficient agricultural estate
What was the main purpose of a medieval guild?
Guilds regulated trades, set quality standards, controlled prices, and provided support to their members.
What was a serf’s typical daily life like?
Serfs worked long hours farming the lord’s land, paid taxes, and rarely traveled beyond their village, but they received protection in return.
Who were the burghers in medieval European society?
townspeople engaged in trade and craftsmanship
What was the usual process for someone to become a master craftsman in a medieval guild?
Trained as an apprentice, became a journeyman, then created a "masterpiece" to be accepted as a master
