A change where a substance turns into a completely new substance, like metal rusting,
chemical change
When light, sound, or heat is taken in by a material.
absorption
Materials that let electric charges (or heat) travel through them easily.
conductors
The measure of how high/how low a sound is.
pitch
The bending of light or heat as it passes from one material to another, like when a pencil looks bent in water.
refraction
A circuit where all components are connected in a single path, so the same current flows through each one.
series circuit
Energy from the sun that can be used to produce heat, light, or electricity.
solar energy
The measure of how loud or how soft a sound is.
intensity
A spiral-shaped part of the inner ear that helps convert sound vibrations into signals the brain can understand.
cochlea
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
matter
A buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object, often caused by rubbing two things together.
static electricity
A mixture where one thing dissolves completely into another.
solution
A material that slows down or stops heat from passing through, like wood or foam.
thermal insulator
How much matter is packed into a certain amount of space.
density
The transfer of heat through empty space in the form of waves, like the warmth you feel from the sun.
radiation
The transfer of heat through the movement of liquids or gases, like warm air rising and cool air sinking.
convection
