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What was the primary goal of the Republican Party when it was formed in the 1850s?
To prevent the expansion of slavery into the western territories.
What was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)?
It allowed territories to decide the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise.
What event is considered the immediate cause of Southern secession?
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
Which senator famously debated Abraham Lincoln in 1858 and supported popular sovereignty?
Stephen A. Douglas.
What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act as part of the Compromise of 1850?
To require citizens to assist in the capture of escaped enslaved people.
What was the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
It galvanized Northern opposition to slavery by exposing its moral and human costs.
Who led a violent raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859 in an attempt to start a slave rebellion?
John Brown.
What Supreme Court case ruled that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and had no rights to sue in federal court?
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857).
How did the abolitionist movement change during this period?
It became more organized and militant, with leaders like Frederick Douglass and organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society.
What was the primary aim of the Emancipation Proclamation?
To free enslaved people in Confederate states and shift the war’s focus to abolition.
Which battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War?
The Battle of Gettysburg (1863). - Ended Lee's Offensive in the North
What was General William Tecumseh Sherman’s strategy during his March to the Sea?
Total war, destroying infrastructure and resources to weaken the Confederacy.
Which speech by Lincoln emphasized national unity and healing after the Civil War?
The Gettysburg Address.
What was the significance of the 13th Amendment?
It abolished slavery throughout the United States.
What were the Black Codes, and what did they aim to achieve?
Laws passed in Southern states to restrict the rights of freed African Americans and maintain a labor force.
Which group of politicians pushed for harsh Reconstruction policies to protect African Americans' rights?
Radical Republicans.
