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What was the primary goal of the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
To maintain the balance of free and slave states in the Senate. Maine = Free, Missouri = Slave
How did the Second Great Awakening influence reform movements in the antebellum period?
It inspired movements for abolition, women's rights, and temperance through its focus on morality and societal improvement.
What was one significant outcome of the Mexican-American War?
The U.S. gained new territories, including California and much of the Southwest, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
What was the purpose of the Compromise of 1850?
To address tensions over slavery in newly acquired territories and maintain the Union.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) establish regarding slavery?
It allowed for popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska.
What was the main message of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
To expose the moral and human costs of slavery.
How did the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857) impact the nation?
It ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
Who was John Brown, and why is he a significant figure in the lead-up to the Civil War?
An abolitionist who led the raid on Harpers Ferry to incite a slave uprising.
What were the main components of the Republican Party platform in 1860?
Opposition to the expansion of slavery and support for a protective tariff and internal improvements.
What event directly caused the secession of Southern states?
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
What advantages did the North have at the start of the Civil War?
Larger population, industrial capacity, and a more extensive railroad network.
What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam (1862)?
It was the bloodiest single day of the war and led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.
How did the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) change the nature of the Civil War?
It shifted the focus to ending slavery, in addition to preserving the Union.
What role did African American soldiers play in the Civil War?
They served in the Union Army, especially after the Emancipation Proclamation, contributing significantly to the war effort.
What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?
To honor fallen soldiers and redefine the war as a struggle for liberty and equality.
Why was the Siege of Vicksburg (1863) a turning point in the Civil War?
It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in two.
