Share Periods 1 & 2 Review APUSH
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What was the main motivation for European exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries?
Search for new trade routes, wealth, and the spread of Christianity.
Which crop is considered to have played a significant role in the development of Native American societies in the Southwest?
Maize (corn).
How did the Columbian Exchange impact the Old and New Worlds?
It led to the exchange of crops, animals, culture, diseases, and populations between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What was the encomienda system, and how did it affect Native Americans?
A Spanish labor system that forced Native Americans into labor in exchange for supposed protection and conversion to Christianity.
Which European country established the first permanent settlement in what is now the United States, and what was it called?
Spain; St. Augustine, Florida.
How did French colonization in North America differ from Spanish colonization?
The French focused on fur trade and cooperative relations with Native Americans, while the Spanish were more focused on conquest and conversion.
What role did disease play in the European conquest of the Americas?
Diseases like smallpox decimated Native American populations, making it easier for Europeans to conquer and colonize.
What was the significance of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
It was a successful uprising of Native Americans against Spanish rule in the Southwest, temporarily driving the Spanish out of New Mexico.
Describe one way in which Native American societies adapted to their environments before European contact.
Plains tribes used horses for hunting and mobility; Eastern Woodland tribes practiced agriculture and built longhouses.
What were the key characteristics of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
Focus on extracting wealth through mining, agriculture, and the encomienda system, and a strong emphasis on converting Native Americans to Christianity.
What was the significance of the Virginia Company in early English colonization?
It was a joint-stock company that established the Jamestown colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
How did tobacco cultivation shape the economy and society of the Chesapeake colonies?
Tobacco became a cash crop, leading to economic prosperity but also the expansion of indentured servitude and, later, slavery.
What were the key differences between the New England and Chesapeake colonies in terms of their economies and social structures?
New England had a mixed economy of small farms, trade, and fishing, with a more religious, family-oriented society, while the Chesapeake focused on cash crops.
What was the Mayflower Compact, and why was it significant?
An agreement made by the Pilgrims in 1620 to govern themselves, it is considered a foundational step toward self-government in the colonies.
How did the Puritans influence the development of New England colonies?
They established a theocratic society with strict religious control, emphasizing community, moral codes, and education.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion, and what impact did it have on colonial Virginia?
A 1676 revolt by frontier settlers against the Virginia government, it led to a greater reliance on African slavery as planters sought a more controllable labor
