Which regions were (at least at one time) controlled by the Ottoman Empire? (5pts for each)
Anatolia, the Eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, the Black Sea coast, the Balkans, the Middle East.
What nickname had the Ottoman Empire earned by the year 1800? Why?
"The Sick Man of Europe"; slow decline.
Name some of the diverse ethnicities within the 19th century Ottoman Empire. (2.5pts for each)
Turks, Arabs, Kurds, Greeks, Armenians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Serbs, Jews, etc.
What are the three "Abrahamic Faiths"? Did the presence of these three religions in the Ottoman Empire lead to a more or less stable society? Why?
Judaism, Christianity, & Islam; less stable; differences, division, conflict, "Millet System", etc.
What were the "power hungry Pashas"? Who was the most famous one? Why is he so famous?
Greedy/opportunistic local rulers within the empire; Muhammad Ali; dynasty, legacy, etc.
What was the "Eastern Question"? How did different states answer it?
What to do with the constantly fighting Ottomans & Russians; Austria was pro-Russia, British & France pro-Ottoman.
What is Sultan Mahmud II remembered for?
Modernization, reform, abolition of Janissaries (Auspicious Incident, 1826), Greek War of Independence (1821-1832), etc.
What does “Tanzimāt” mean? What happened during the “Tanzimāt Period”?
Reorganization.
When was the Congress of Berlin? What effect did it have on the Ottoman Empire? Explain.
1878; weakened & shrank; Balkan independence, Cyprus, etc.
Who were the Young Turks? What did they accomplish?
reformist and nationalist political movement (secret society); restored constitution & parliament.
