What type of forces are hydrogen bonds?
Dipole-dipole forces
What powers the water cycle, moving water through its various states?
Energy from the Sun
Name three factors contributing to the global water crisis.
1) Population Growth, 2) Increasing Demand for Water, and 3) Pollution of Water Sources
Define a solution.
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances consisting of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
How can solutions be classified?
Homogenous or Heterogeneous ; Supersaturated, Saturated, or Unsaturated
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Due to its excellent ability to form attractions with solutes.
What is the difference between dissolving and dissociation?
Dissolving is a physical processes whereas dissociation is the formation of ions from ionic compounds in solution
What are being expressed in dissociation equations? What happens to polyatomic atoms during dissociation?
Ions ; Polyatomic atoms will remain together
How does temperature affect the solubility of solid or liquid ionic compounds? Why?
As temperature increases, the solubility of ionic compounds increases
How does temperature affect the solubility of gases? Why?
As temperature increases, the solubility of gases decreases.
What does a solubility curve show?
The solubility of a solute in a specific solvent over a range of temperatures.
Describe the relationship between pressure and solubility for gases.
The solubility of gases increases as the applied pressure increases.
Define dilution using the terms: solute, solvent, and concentration.
Dilution is the process of adding more solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of solute.
Differentiate between a stock solution and a standard solution.
Stock solutions are used for convenience in preparing solutions of known concentrations, standard solutions are used as reference materials
Describe the notable regions (above, on, below aline) when reading a solubility chart.
Above = supersaturated, On = saturated, Below = unsaturated
What is the difference between miscible and immiscible? What types of solutions does this refer to?
Miscible = substances that can mix together, Immiscible = substances that can NOT mix together ; occurs betwen two liquids
