Literature is viewed as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms.”
Formalism
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It is also called as "higher criticism" which refers to the study of literary texts, particularly ancient texts and especially the Bible.
Historical
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The feminism wave which focused on a multicultural emphasis and strived to address problems stemming from sexism, social class inequality, and homophobia.
Third-Wave Feminism
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“Selfishness is not living as one wishes to live, it is asking others to live as one wishes to live. And unselfishness is letting other people's lives alone, not interfering with them." - ― Oscar Wilde, The Soul of Man and Prison Writings
Moralism
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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Hunger Games are both examples of literary works under this literary criticism..
Marxism
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Why would O'Brien go into this much depth about how much every individual item weighs? One thought on this that came to mind was that perhaps it is about the psychological experiences of the soldiers. - "The Things They Carried"