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Which Prosthetic Valve was the first artificial valve to be invented?
Caged ball - Starr-Edwards
Which type of valve replacement provides 3 orifice for forward flow?
Bi- leaflet valve.
Mechanical valves will present ____ ____ on Doppler.
Valve clicks. slide 14 ppt
What procedure is done in autograft/ pediatrics? How is it done.
Ross Procedure. PV is replaced with a bioprosthetic valve and AV is replaced with the PV.
What is the normal mean gradient after TAVR?
10-15 mmhg
What is the most common obstruction of prosthetic valve?
Thrombus
Flow Velocity through the normal prosthetic valve will be (higher/lower) than in normal valve.
higher.
which one of the following has the highest and lowest gradient;
a) bioprosthetic b) stentless c) stented
stented highest
stentless lowest
What type of Ai is seen in the image? what is it most common with?
Paravalvular Ai, most common with transcatheter replacements and also seen with dehiscence.
TEE becomes less common with ____ procedure
TEE heavily relied upon with _____ procedure
TAVR
TMVR
What are some of the critical post- op pieces? Name 2.
Ventricular Function, PAP, PG, EOA, prosthesis evaluation and regurge evaluation.
Continuity Eq for EOA. What can be substituted for OT dimensions if needed.
sewing ring diameter
DVI stands for ?
Doppler Velocity Index = ratio of outflow velocity to prosthetic velocity
(Normal functioning Ao prothesis = 0.3 - 0.5)
Which view is helpful in distinguishing valvular from paravalvular.
PSAX
What is the complication of perforated AMVL?
Severe MR
What is shown in the following image?
AMVL perforation
