Can you name the four carbon-based molecules that make up about 25% of most human cells?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
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Nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) as well as the metals lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg) are all considered to be __________. Why?
Heteroatoms. This is because they are all noncarbon atoms that can replace carbon in the backbone of an organic molecule.
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5
Are all of these structures considered to be carbon skeletons? Can you explain why?
Yes. They are all patterns that carbon atoms can form when they bond together to make molecules.
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This functional group is known as a ___________.
Carboxyl group
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A functional group with a Sulfur atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom is a ______________.
Sulfhydryl group
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True or False? Carbon atoms typically love to give away their electrons.
False! Under normal circumstances carbon atoms will NOT give away their electrons. Instead, they form covalent bonds.
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Various combinations of carbon and hydrogen atoms which form compounds that are nonpolar and hydrophobic are typically known as __________.
hydrocarbons
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These two amino acids show "handiness". Since they are "mirror images" of each other they are isomers specifically known as ___________.
Stereoisomers
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This is ______________.
a functional group known as a Phosphate group
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These two identical molecules are great examples of __________.
Isomers. They have the exact same molecular formula but different atomic arrangements.
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This type of carbon-ring molecule is known as a ____________.
Heme group. This one is found in the hemoglobin proteins of red blood cells.
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Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5 on the periodic table. What does this mean?
Electronegativity is an atom's ability to draw electrons close to itself. Because it is relatively weak, carbon shares electrons instead of stealing them.
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5
When applied to carbon, what do the terms "Tetrahedral" and "Tetravalent" mean?
Because carbon has four valence elections it is tetravalent. This arrangement allows it to form structures that look like 3D pyramids that are tetrahedral.