It was a joint-stock company that established the Jamestown colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America.

The French focused on fur trade and cooperative relations with Native Americans, while the Spanish were more focused on conquest and conversion.

A Spanish labor system that forced Native Americans into labor in exchange for supposed protection and conversion to Christianity.

An agreement made by the Pilgrims in 1620 to govern themselves, it is considered a foundational step toward self-government in the colonies.

Early cooperation gave way to conflicts over land and resources, such as King Philip's War in New England.

A 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina, it led to stricter slave codes and a fear of future revolts.

Search for new trade routes, wealth, and the spread of Christianity.

It allowed partial church membership for the children and grandchildren of church members, reflecting concerns about declining religious zeal.

Diseases like smallpox decimated Native American populations, making it easier for Europeans to conquer and colonize.

They established a theocratic society with strict religious control, emphasizing community, moral codes, and education.

They provided the primary source of labor for tobacco plantations before the transition to African slavery.

Tobacco became a cash crop, leading to economic prosperity but also the expansion of indentured servitude and, later, slavery.

Spain; St. Augustine, Florida.