Techniques of making up for the loss of important ST features through replicating ST effects approximately in the TT by means other than those used in the ST.

Structure of the TL name imitates that of the SL name, but grammatical slots in it are filled with TL units translating the individual meaningful units of SL

Iconic: boom! Iconically motivated: Ronroneo

SL names are replaced by indigenous TL names that are not their referential equivalents but have similar cultural connotations.

This refers to making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT.

A foot is a conventional group of stressed and/or unstressed syllables occurring in a specific order

Transfering a ST expression verbatim into the TT.

too long to type in here: the teacher decides haha

the replacement of previously used words and phrases by elements such as pronouns or adverbs that refer back to them

conversional conventions are used to alter the phonic/graphic shape of the ST name bringing it more in line with TL patterns of pronunciation and spelling.

sociolect

‘I bought a boat’ - ‘I bought a yatch’

to condense ST features carried over a relatively long stretch of text into a relatively short stretch of the TT