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Explain the concept of cell theory
all living organisms are made up of cells
explain the difference spontaneous generation and biogenesis, give example of the experiments that proved and disproved biogenesis
Spontaneous generation- life arose from nonliving matter, biogenesis- life comes from life, Redi showed maggots came from flies, Pasture, S-shaped flask
Explain endosymbiotic theory
Eukaryotes arose when cells engulfed bacteria that became mitochondria and chloroplasts, supported by their own DNA and ribosomes.
What are the cell structures that both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells share?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, RNA, cell wall, flagella
compare and contrast phase-contrast and DIC microscopy
both living cells, see internal structures, structures appear lighter/darker compared to background, can have halos, DIC pseudo 3D
Using the whiteboard, compare and contrast Gram (+) and gram (-) cell walls
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Explain why staining is used for viewing microbes with a light microscope and describe how specimens are prepared for staining.
increase contrast, differentiate structures, determine morphology. smear sample on slide, dry, heat/ chemical fix
Compare and contrast Confocal and Differential interface contrast microscopy
both light microscopy, both view live cells and internal structures, DIC pseudo #d image, confocal true 3D image
using the whiteboard compare and contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic cell structures
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List some functions that microbes carry out that are beneficial to humans
decompose organic waste, generate O2, produce ethanol, acetone, vitamins, fermented foods, alternative fuel production, gene therapy-medicines
compare and contrast bacteria and protozoa
Bacteria: small, prokaryotic, usually w/ cell wall, asexual, flagella/pili; Protozoa: larger, eukaryotic, no wall, mostly asexual, cilia/flagella/pseudopodia.
compare and contrast fungi and algae
Fungi: eukaryotic, chitin wall, heterotrophic, non-motile; Algae: eukaryotic, cellulose wall, autotrophic, some motile.
Compare and contrast archeae and multicellular animals
Helminths: eukaryotic, multicellular, parasitic, motile larvae; Archaea: prokaryotic, unicellular, extremophiles, some motile.
Explain how Pasteur’s S-shaped flask experiment disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.
sterilized broth remained free of microbial growth when protected from airborne microbes by the S-shaped flask, proving microorganisms come from other microbes
Why was Needham's experiment support spontaneous generation?
Needham’s experiment seemed to support spontaneous generation because microbes appeared in boiled broth, but poor sterilization meant it supported SG
What prokaryotic structure has the same function as a mitochondria?
Prokaryotic cell wall
