The bottom should sound hollow when knocked

Cupcakes, Madeira cakes

Sweetness/ Decoration

Baking powder is both an alkali and an acid, when mixed with water it produces CO2 which expands and pushes up the mixture- once cooked, a crust forms

Use by dates, weigh accurately, preparing tins before you start, preheat oven and prepare shelves, follow the recipe exaclty, avoid overhandling, time cooking a

Milk, buttermilk, water, dairyfree alternatives (e.g Oat milk)

Skewer test, and springs back when lightly pressed.

Better flavour/ aroma, Fresher, Awareness of ingredients, Can be modified to suit dietary requirements, More sustainable, Enjoyable activity

Bread soda is an alkali. When mixed with an acid and liquid, CO2 is formed - pushes the mixture up and once cooked the product stays risen

Air, Baking powder, bread soda, yeast

Butter, Margarine, Oil

Bind dry ingredients and trap air