What contributed to the increased emigration abroad between 1870-1914?
Improvements in transportation and lower costs.
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15
How did industrialization (and reduction of price of goods) affect the economic situation of the working class?
The working class had more purchasing power, and their quality of life was improved.
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15
What was the first significant political party for workers AND where was it founded?
The German Social Democratic Party (SPD), founded in 1875.
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15
How did emigration benefit sending countries?
By alleviating unemployment and social conflicts.
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15
Pressure from the labor movement and left-wing parties led states to pass laws regulating _______ _______ and introducing _______ ___________ measures.
working hours, social protection
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15
What were the main destinations for emigrants from Europe?
The United States, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand.
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What were three hygienic improvements made in cities?
The installation of sewage systems, paving, and waste collection.
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What three types of social protection measures were introduced by European states?
Accident compensation, pensions, and minimum wages.
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How did emigration benefit receiving countries?
By providing settlers.
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What was the position of the Second International on capitalism, imperialism, and war?
Capitalism, imperialism, and war were condemned.
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15
What was the difference in how pure Marxists vs. revisionists supported gaining power?
Pure Marxists advocated gaining power through revolution, while revisionists supported gaining power through elections.
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What are three examples of technological advances adopted in cities during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Electric lighting, trams, and subways.
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What was the Second International, and when was it founded?
It was a federation of socialist parties based on Marxist principles, founded in 1889.