what Ss already KNOW, what they WANT to know, and what they have LEARNT

be clear, as complete as possible, unambigous, check

Plan, limit, be explicit, check

meaning, word class, pronunciation, collocations, spelling, word grammar

listening to a model, provided by the teacher, or a tape or another student, and repeating what is heard

pre-teaching, contextualization, activating schemata, authentic texts, strategies, BU&TD techniques

directed reading thinking activity - guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading to confirm their predictions

timelines, pictures, comparisons, opposites, flowcharts

Instead of drilling the whole of a long word, phrase or sentence from the beginning, start at the end.

prewriting, writing, revising, editing, proofreading

process oriented guided inquiry learning – group roles: manager/facilitator, recorder, spokesperson/presenter, reflector/strategy analyst

survey, question, read, recite, review